Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T08:32:17.479Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seventeen Years of Cropping Systems and Tillage Affect Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seed Longevity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

William E. Lueschen ,
Robert N. Andersen ,
Thomas R. Hoverstad  and
Brian K. Kanne
William E. Lueschen
Affiliation:
Univ. Minnesota South. Exp. Stn., Waseca, MN 56093
Robert N. Andersen
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Thomas R. Hoverstad
Affiliation:
Univ. Minnesota South. Exp. Stn., Waseca, MN 56093
Brian K. Kanne
Affiliation:
Univ. Minnesota South. Exp. Stn., Waseca, MN 56093
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Velvetleaf is difficult to control in corn and soybean and the seed can persist in soil for many years. Seven cultural and tillage practices were established in 1974 on a site heavily infested with velvetleaf to determine the time required to eradicate velvetleaf seed from the soil. A rapid decline in velvetleaf seed population in the top 23 cm of soil occurred during the first 5 yr of this study. In the fifth year, the chemical fallow and continuous alfalfa treatments had 37 and 56% of the original velvetleaf seed population remaining, respectively. In the 17th year, soils in these treatments that had received no tillage since study initiation still contained 15 and 25% of the original velvetleaf seed population, respectively. Systems involving moldboard plowing with continuous-tillage fallow, continuous cropping of corn or oat, or an annual corn and soybean rotation had a more rapid decline in the velvetleaf seed population in soil compared to the chemical fallow and continuous alfalfa treatment. After 17 yr, soil in any system that had received at least one moldboard plowing per year still contained 1 to 3 million velvetleaf seed ha−1, which is only 0.8 to 2.5% of the initial viable seed population. Nearly 100% of the seed remaining in the soil in the 17th year for all treatments was still viable.

Keywords

Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. #3 ABUTHalfalfa, Medicago sativa L.corn, Zea mays L.oat, Avena sativa L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrWeed seedtillagecropping systemshard seedABUTH
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 1 , March 1993 , pp. 82 - 86
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Buhler, D. D. and Daniel, T. C. 1988. Influence of tillage systems of giant foxtail, Setaria faberi, and velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti, density and control in corn, Zea mays . Weed Sci. 36:642–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Chepil, W. S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds: II. The influence of tilling treatments on germination. Sci. Agric. 26:347–357.Google Scholar
3. Dawson, J. H. and Bruns, V. F. 1975. Longevity of barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 23:437–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Egley, G. H. 1986. Stimulation of weed seed germination in soil. Reviews of Weed Sci. 2:67–89.Google Scholar
5. Egley, G. H. 1990. High temperature effects on germination and survival of weed seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 38:429–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Egley, G. H. and Chandler, J. M. 1983. Longevity of weed seeds after 5.5 years in the Stoneville 50-year buried-seed study. Weed Sci. 31:264–270.Google Scholar
7. Egley, G. H. and Williams, R. D. 1990. Decline of weed seeds and seedling emergence over five years as affected by soil disturbances. Weed Sci. 38:504–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Horowitz, M. and Taylorson, R. B. 1984. Hardseededness and germinability of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) as affected by temperature and moisture. Weed Sci. 32:111–115.Google Scholar
9. Horowitz, M. and Taylorson, R. B. 1985. Behavior of hard and permeable seeds of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. (velvetleaf). Weed Res. 25:363–372.Google Scholar
10. Kempthrone, O. 1952. Page 377 in The Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
11. Kivilaan, A. and Bandurski, R. S. 1981. One hundred-year period for Dr. Beal's seed viability experiment. Am. J. Bot. 68:1290–1292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Lewis, J. 1973. Longevity of crop and weed seeds: survival after 20 years in soil. Weed Res. 13:179–191.Google Scholar
13. Lueschen, W. E. and Andersen, R. N. 1980. Longevity of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds in soil under agricultural practices. Weed Sci. 28:341–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1972. Fate of seeds of some annual weeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed soil. Weed Res. 12:316–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1973. Emergence and longevity of seeds of annual weeds in cultivated and undisturbed soils. J. Appl. Ecol. 10:133–143.Google Scholar
16. Steinbauer, G. P. and Grigsby, B. 1959. Methods of obtaining field and laboratory germination of seeds of bindweeds, lady's thumb and velvet leaf. Weeds 7:41–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1974. Dormancy changes and fate of some annual weed seeds in the soil. Weed Sci. 22:151–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Thomas, A. G., Banting, J. D., and Bowes, G. 1986. Longevity of green foxtail seeds in a Canadian prairie soil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 66:189–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Toole, E. H. 1946. Final results of the Duvel buried seed experiment. J. Agric. Res. 72:201–210.Google Scholar