Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T11:43:04.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pollen Biology and Dispersal Dynamics in Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jianyang Liu ,
Adam S. Davis  and
Patrick J. Tranel
Jianyang Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Adam S. Davis
Affiliation:
Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801
Patrick J. Tranel*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: tranel@illinois.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Waterhemp is a major weed of field crops in the Midwestern United States. Its prevalence is at least partly due to its rapid evolution of resistance to many groups of herbicides over the last two decades. In light of its dioecy and anemophily, pollen movement in waterhemp is considered to be an important factor in the spread of herbicide resistance genes. Thus, the biology and dispersal profile of waterhemp pollen are critical determinants for understanding and predicting the spatial population dynamics of herbicide resistance in this species. In this study, pollen longevity was investigated with greenhouse experiments, and pollen dispersal and the effect of pollen competition were investigated in field plots. Pollen dispersal was determined by measuring the frequency of seeds produced on receptor plants positioned at various distances from a pollen source, which flowered in synchrony with the receptor plants. Results indicated that waterhemp pollen can remain viable up to 120 h, implying a low limitation of pollen dispersal by its longevity. Effective pollen dispersal declined exponentially with distance, with most pollen fertilizing recipient plants within 50 m of the pollen source. However, long distance pollen dispersal (800 m) was also observed. We also saw evidence for pollen swamping in this species. Under conditions of pollen competition among distinct genotypes, pollination success was inversely related to distance between pollen donors and receptors. However, relative pollen density may also play an important role in determining the rate of long distance gene flow. This study confirmed the potential of waterhemp pollen to effect long distance gene flow and provides supporting data for quantitative spatial modeling of waterhemp resistance dynamics.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea and Tardif AMATUGene flowherbicide resistancepollen dispersalpollen viability
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 416 - 422
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Allison, T. D. 1990. Pollen production and plant density affect pollination and seed production in Taxus canadensis . Ecology. 71:516–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. O. and Ascher, P. D. 1993. Male and female fertility in loosestrife (Lythrum) cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118:851–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athwal, R. S. and Kimber, G. 1970. Anther size and pollen longevity in wheat/rye addition lines. Wheat Infor. Ser. 30:30–32.Google Scholar
Austerlitz, F., Dick, C. W., Dutech, C., Klein, E. K., Oddou-Muratorio, S., Smouse, P. E., and Sork, V. L. 2004. Using genetic markers to estimate the pollen dispersal curve. Mol. Ecol. 13:937–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aylor, D. E. 2004. Survival of maize (Zea mays) pollen exposed in the atmosphere. Agr. Forest Meteorol. 123:125–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. S. and Tranel, P. J. 2010. Time requirement from pollination to seed maturity in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus). Weed Sci. 58:167–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busi, R., Yu, Q., Barrett-Lennard, R., and Powles, S. 2008. Long distance pollen-mediated flow of herbicide resistance genes in Lolium rigidum . Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:1281–1290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conner, A. J. and Dale, P. J. 1996. Reconsideration of pollen dispersal data from field trials of transgenic potatoes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92:505–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cousens, R., Dytham, C., and Law, R. 2008. Dispersal in Plants: A Population Perspective. Oxford Oxford University Press. 288 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dafni, A. and Firmage, D. 2000. Pollen viability and longevity: practical, ecological and evolutionary implications. Plant Syst. Evol. 222:113–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fénart, S., Austerlitz, F., Cuguen, J., and Arnaud, J. F. 2007. Long distance pollen-mediated gene flow at a landscape level: the weed beet as a case study. Mol. Ecol. 16:3801–3813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franssen, A. S., Skinner, D. Z., Al-Khatib, K., and Horak, M. J. 2001. Pollen morphological differences in Amaranthus species and interspecific hybrids. Weed Sci. 49:732–737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fromhage, L. and Kokko, H. 2010. Spatial seed and pollen games: dispersal, sex allocation, and the evolution of dioecy. J. Evol. Biol. 23:1947–1956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heap, I. 2011. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.org/in.asp. Accessed: October 26, 2011.Google Scholar
Horn, S. P. and Clark, L. G. 1992. Pollen visibility in Chusquea subtessellata (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Biotropica. 4:577–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasieniuk, M., Brûlé-Babel, A. L., and Morrison, I. N. 1996. The evolution and genetics of herbicide resistance in weeds. Weed Sci. 44:176–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, M. D. and Newell, L. C. 1948. Longevity of pollen and stigmas of grasses: Buffalo-grass (Buchloe dactyloides Nutt.) Engelm, and corn (Zea mays L.). J. Amer. Soc. Agron. 40:195–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knox, R. B., Williams, E. G., and Dumas, C. 1986. Pollen, pistil and reproductive function in crop plants. Pl. Breed. Rev. 5:14–79.Google Scholar
Lavigne, C., Godelle, B., Reboud, X., and Gouyon, P. H. 1996. A method to determine the mean pollen dispersal of individual plants growing within a large pollen source. Theor. Appl. Genet. 93:1319–1326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lavigne, C., Klein, E. K., Vallée, P., Pierre, J., Godelle, B., and Renard, M. 1998. A pollen-dispersal experiment with transgenic oilseed rape: estimation of the average pollen dispersal of an individual plant within a field. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:886–896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llewellyn, D. and Fitt, G. 1996. Pollen dispersal from two field trials of transgenic cotton in the Namoi valley, Australia. Mol. Breed. 2:157–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, V. S., Figueroa, J. M., Baltazar, B. M., Gomez, L. R., Townsend, R., and Schoper, J. B. 2001. Maize pollen longevity and distance isolation requirements for effective pollen control. Crop Sci. 41:1551–1557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neiland, M. R. M. and Wilcock, C. C. 1995. Maximisation of reproductive success by European Orchideae under conditions of infrequent pollination. Protoplasma. 187:39–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patzoldt, W. L., Tranel, P. J., and Hager, A. G. 2002. Variable herbicide responses among Illinois waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis and A. tuberculatus) populations. Crop Prot. 21:707–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patzoldt, W. L., Tranel, P. J., and Hager, A. G. 2005. A waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) biotype with multiple resistance across three herbicide sites of action. Weed Sci. 53:30–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petrovskii, S., Morozov, A., and Li, B. 2008. On a possible origin of the fat-tailed dispersal in population dynamics. Ecol. Complex. 5:146–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfender, W., Graw, R., Bradley, W., Carney, M., and Maxwell, L. 2007. Emission rates, survival, and modeled dispersal of viable pollen of creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. 47:2529–2539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proctor, H. C. 1998. Effect of pollen age on fruit set, fruit weight, and seed set in three orchid species. Can. J. Bot. 76:420–427.Google Scholar
Rieger, M. A., Lamond, M., Preston, C., Powles, S. B., and Roush, R. T. 2002. Pollen-mediated movement of herbicide resistance between commercial canola fields. Science. 296:2386–2388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rognli, O. A., Nilsson, N. O., and Nurminiemi, M. 2000. Effects of distance and pollen competition on gene flow in the wind-pollinated Festuca pratensis Huds. Heredity. 85:550–560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauer, J. 1957. Recent migration and evolution of the dioecious amaranths. Evolution. 11:11–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shivanna, K. R. and Johri, B. M. 1987. Angiosperm Pollen Structure and Functions. New York Wiley. 374 p.Google Scholar
Smith-Huerta, N. L. and Vasek, F. C. 1984. Pollen longevity and stigma-pre-emption in Clarkia . Am. J. Bot. 71:1183–1191.Google Scholar
Sosnoskie, L. M., Webster, T. M., Dales, D., Rains, G. C., Grey, T. L., and Culpepper, A. S. 2009. Pollen grain size, density, and settling velocity for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci. 57:404–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stallings, G. P., Thill, D. C., Mallory-Smith, C. A., and Shafii, B. 1995. Pollen-mediated gene flow of sulfonylurea-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. 43:95–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, R. G. and Linskens, H. F. 1974. Pollen: Biology, Biochemistry, Management. New York Springer. 307 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steckel, L. E. 2007. The dioecious amaranthus spp.: here to stay. Weed Technol. 21:567–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tonsor, S. T. 1985. Intrapopulational variation in pollen-mediated gene flow in Plantago lanceolata L. Evolution. 39:775–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tranel, P. J., Riggins, C. W., Bell, M. S., and Hager, A. G. 2011. Herbicide resistances in Amaranthus tuberculatus: a call for new options. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:5808–5812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trucco, F., Jeschke, M. R., Rayburn, A. L., and Tranel, P. J. 2005. Amaranthus hybridus can be pollinated frequently by A. tuberculatus under field conditions. Heredity. 94:64–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Treuren, R., Goosens, P. J., and Ševčíková, M. 2006. Variation in effective pollination rates in relation to the spatial and temporal distribution of pollen release in rejuvenated perennial ryegrass. Euphytica. 147:367–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar