Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-tdptf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-19T05:57:16.088Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physiological Responses of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Roots to Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain D7 Phytotoxin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Patrick J. Tranel ,
David R. Gealy  and
Gerald P. Irzyk
Patrick J. Tranel
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164
David R. Gealy
Affiliation:
USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164
Gerald P. Irzyk
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Effects of a crude preparation of a phytotoxin from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 (D7) on various physiological processes were evaluated in roots of downy brome seedlings. Cell division, respiration, and synthesis of protein, RNA, and DNA were not inhibited or only slightly inhibited under treatment conditions that caused substantial inhibition of root elongation. Significant inhibition of each of these processes was detected by known inhibitors included in each study to verify sensitivity of the procedures used. Disruption of lipid synthesis and membrane integrity by the crude phytotoxin preparation was significant and might account for inhibition of root elongation. Additional studies on these two possible target sites were conducted with partially purified phytotoxin. In intact roots, incorporation of [14C]acetate and [14C]malonic acid into lipophilic fractions was reduced by 50% or greater during a 1-h treatment with concentrations between 10 and 100 μg ml−1 of the partially purified phytotoxin preparation. In a membrane integrity study, a similar treatment increased radioactivity efflux 250% from seedlings preloaded with scyllo-[R-3H]inositol. Additionally, disruption of lipid synthesis and membrane integrity by the partially purified phytotoxin was dose dependent. Collectively, these findings indicate that the D7 phytotoxin may inhibit downy brome root elongation through its effects on lipid synthesis and membrane integrity.

Keywords

Downy bromeBromus tectorum L. #3 BROTEBiological controlbioherbicidelipid synthesismembrane integrityBROTE
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 1993 , pp. 483 - 489
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Backman, P. A. and DeVay, J. E. 1971. Studies on the mode of action and biogenesis of the phytotoxin syringomycin. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 1:215–234.Google Scholar
2. Bayer, D. E., Foy, C. L., Mallory, T. E., and Cutter, E. G. 1967. Morphological and histological effects of trifluralin on root development. Am. J. Bot. 54:945–952.Google Scholar
3. Bidwai, A. P., Zhang, L., Bachmann, R. C., and Takemoto, J. Y. 1987. Mechanism of action of Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin, syringomycin. Plant Physiol. 83:39–43.Google Scholar
4. Boldt, L. D. and Barrett, M. 1991. Effects of diclofop and haloxyfop on lipid synthesis in corn (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Sci. 39:143–148.Google Scholar
5. Bolton, H. Jr. and Elliott, L. F. 1989. Toxin production by a rhizobacterial Pseudomonas sp. that inhibits wheat root growth. Plant Soil. 114:269–276.Google Scholar
6. Brändle, E. and Zetsche, K. 1971. The effect of rifampicin on the RNA- and protein synthesis as well as on the morphogenesis and on chlorophyll content of nucleate and anucleate cells of Acetabularia . Planta 99:46–55.Google Scholar
7. Cerbon, J. and Villegas, T. 1983. Lipid composition and turnover in heterotrophic cell suspension cultures of Saccharum officinarum . Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2:317–326.Google Scholar
8. D'Alton, A. and Etherton, B. 1984. Effects of fusaric acid on tomato root hair membrane potentials and ATP levels. Plant Physiol. 74:39–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Daly, M. 1981. Mechanisms of action. Pages 331–394 in Durbin, R. D., ed. Toxins in Plant Diseases. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
10. Deal, L. M., Reeves, J. T., Larkins, B. A., and Hess, F. D. 1980. Use of an in vitro protein synthesizing system to test the mode of action of chloroacetamides. Weed Sci. 28:334–340.Google Scholar
11. Durbin, R. D. 1983. The biochemistry of fungal and bacterial toxins and their modes of action. Pages 137–162 in Callow, J. A., ed. Biochemical Plant Pathology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
12. Francki, R.I.B., Zaitlin, M., and Jensen, R. G. 1971. Metabolism of separated leaf cells II. Uptake and incorporation of protein and ribonucleic acid precursors by tobacco cells. Plant Physiol. 48:14–18.Google Scholar
13. Fredrickson, J. K. and Elliott, L. F. 1985. Effect on winter wheat seedling growth by toxin-producing rhizobacteria. Plant Soil 83:399–409.Google Scholar
14. Galling, G. 1971. Influence of rifampicin, chloramphenicol and cycloheximide on uridine-incorporation into chloroplast ribosome precursors of Chlorella . Planta 98:50–62.Google Scholar
15. Galling, G. 1982. Use (and misuse) of inhibitors in gene expression. Pages 663–677 in Parthier, B. and Boulter, D., eds. Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Plants, Encycl. Plant Physiol. (New Series). Vol. 14B. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
16. Gealy, D. R., Gurusiddaiah, S., Kennedy, A. C., and Ogg, A. G. Jr. 1992. Effects of phytotoxins from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 on seed germination and seedling growth of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 32:51.Google Scholar
17. Guäman, E. 1958. The mechanism of fusaric acid injury. Phytopathology 48:670–686.Google Scholar
18. Gurusiddaiah, S., Gealy, D. R., Kennedy, A. C., and Ogg, A. G. Jr. 1992. Production, isolation, and characterization of phytotoxic and fungistatic compounds for biocontrol of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and plant pathogenic fungi. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 32:84.Google Scholar
19. Hara, A. and Radin, N. S. 1978. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. Anal. Biochem. 90:420–426.Google Scholar
20. Hess, F. D. 1987. Herbicide effects on the cell cycle of meristimatic plant cells. Rev. Weed Sci. 3:183–203.Google Scholar
21. Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I. 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. 347. 32 pp.Google Scholar
22. Holmsen, J. D. and Hess, F. D. 1984. Growth inhibition and disruption of mitosis by DCPA in oat (Avena sativa) roots. Weed Sci. 32:732–738.Google Scholar
23. Hoppe, H. H. 1981. Effect of diclofop-methyl on protein nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis in tips of radicles from Zea mays L. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 102:189–197.Google Scholar
24. Hosaka, H. and (Kubota) Takagi, M. 1987. Biochemical effects of sethoxydim in excised root tips of corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 35:612–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Hubbard, J. and Whitwell, T. 1991. Techniques for detecting grass tolerance to sethoxydim and fenoxaprop-ethyl herbicides. Weed Sci. 39:548–552.Google Scholar
26. Kennedy, A. C., Elliott, L. F., Young, F. L., and Douglas, C. L. 1991. Rhizobacteria suppressive to the weed downy brome. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:722–727.Google Scholar
27. Kobek, K., Focke, M., and Lichtenthaler, H. K. 1988. Fatty-acid biosynthesis and acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a target of diclofop, fenoxaprop and other aryloxy-phenoxy-propionic acid herbicides. Z. Naturforsch. 43c:47–54.Google Scholar
28. Lignowski, E. M. and Scott, E. G. 1972. Effect of trifluralin on mitosis. Weed Sci. 20:267–270.Google Scholar
29. Mellis, J. J., Pillai, P., Davis, D. E., and Truelove, B. 1982. Metolachlor and alachlor effects on membrane permeability and lipid synthesis. Weed Sci. 30:399–404.Google Scholar
30. Mondal, H., Mandal, R. K., and Biswas, B. B. 1970. Factors and rifampicin influencing RNA polymerase isolated from chromatin of eukaryotic cell. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 40:1194–1200.Google Scholar
31. Moore, T. S. Jr., 1977. Phospholipid turnover in soybean tissue cultures. Plant Physiol. 60:754–758.Google Scholar
32. Mott, K. A. and Takemoto, J. Y. 1989. Syringomycin, a bacterial phytotoxin, closes stomata. Plant Physiol. 90:1435–1439.Google Scholar
33. Sasaki, K. and Loewus, F. A. 1980. Metabolism of myo-[2-3H]inositol and scyllo-[R-3H]inositol in ripening wheat kernels. Plant Physiol. 66:740–745.Google Scholar
34. Takemoto, J. Y., Zhang, L., Taguchi, N., Tachicawa, T., and Miyakawa, T. 1991. Mechanism of action of the phytotoxin syringomycin: a resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals an involvement of Ca2+ transport. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:653–659.Google Scholar
35. Templeton, M. D., Sullivan, P. A., and Shepherd, M. G. 1984. The inhibition of ornithine transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli W by phaseolotoxin. Biochem. J. 224:379–388.Google Scholar
36. Thomas, M. D., Langston-Unkefer, P. J., Uchytil, T., and Durbin, R. D. 1983. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase from pea by tabtoxin-β-lactam. Plant Physiol. 71:912–915.Google Scholar
37. Tranel, P. J. 1992. Downy brome root-growth inhibition by a phototoxin from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7, a potential biological control organism. M.S. Thesis, Washington State Univ. Pages 58–67.Google Scholar
38. Tranel, P. J., Gealy, D. R., and Kennedy, A. C. 1993. Inhibition of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) root growth by a phytotoxin from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7. Weed Technol. 7:134–139.Google Scholar
39. Turner, J. G. 1985. Effect of phaseolotoxin on the synthesis of arginine and protein. Plant Physiol. 80:760–765.Google Scholar
40. Turner, J. G. 1986. Activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and glutamine synthetase in isolated mesophyll cells exposed to tabtoxin. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 29:59–68.Google Scholar
41. Turner, J. G. and Mitchell, R. E. 1985. Association between symptom development and inhibition of ornithine carbamoyltransferase in bean leaves treated with phaseolotoxin. Plant Physiol. 79:468–473.Google Scholar
42. Young, C. W. and Hodas, S. 1964. Hydroxyurea: inhibitory effect on DNA metabolism. Science 146:1172–1174.Google Scholar