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Physiological and antioxidant responses of cotton and spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) under nitrogen deficiency

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Greg T. Bettmann ,
H. Harish Ratnayaka ,
William T. Molin  and
Tracy M. Sterling
Greg T. Bettmann
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
H. Harish Ratnayaka
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125
William T. Molin
Affiliation:
Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776
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Abstract

Spurred anoda is a major competitor with cotton in the southern United States. Physiological and antioxidant responses of two species of cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cv. ‘Pima S-7’ and Gossypium hirsutum L., Delta and Pine Land Company cv. ‘Delta Pine 5415’) and two accessions of spurred anoda [New Mexico (NM) and Mississippi (MS)] were investigated under nitrogen (N) -sufficient and -deficient conditions in the greenhouse. Pima S-7 had the highest leaf N content of all the plants regardless of treatment. Biomass decreased in all species when N was withheld, with Pima S-7 exhibiting the least reduction and MS the greatest. Plant height decreased in cotton but not spurred anoda under N stress. Height:node ratio increased 9% in MS, but decreased 8% in DP 5415 when they were deprived of N. Withholding N reduced photosynthesis 45% regardless of species. Comparable decreases were found in stomatal conductance and transpiration, suggesting strong stomatal regulation of gas exchange under N stress. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II (dark-adapted Fv/Fm) decreased 4% under N deficiency. Alpha-carotene decreased for all species when N was withheld, except for the NM accession, in which the levels increased. Total chlorophyll and lutein decreased under N stress regardless of species, but alpha-tocopherol and the xanthophyll cycle conversion state increased. Pima S-7 had the most chlorophyll and lutein, and both cotton species had more alpha-tocopherol, anthocyanins, and free-radical scavenging capacity than spurred anoda. These enhanced pigment and antioxidant profiles of cotton, particularly Pima S-7, may contribute to cotton's ability to compete for N with spurred anoda.

Keywords

Spurred anoda, Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht. ANVCRcotton, Gossypium barbadense L. ‘Pima S-7’Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘DP 5415’Antioxidantscompetitionphotosynthesisstress
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 4 , August 2006 , pp. 641 - 650
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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