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Morphology of Malaysian Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa): Diversity, Origin and Implications for Weed Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Edi Sudianto ,
Ting-Xiang Neik ,
Sheh May Tam ,
Tse-Seng Chuah ,
Akmal Adilah Idris ,
Kenneth M. Olsen  and
Beng-Kah Song
Edi Sudianto
Affiliation:
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
Ting-Xiang Neik
Affiliation:
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
Sheh May Tam
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor DE, Malaysia
Tse-Seng Chuah
Affiliation:
Department of Agro-technology, Faculty of Agro-technology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Akmal Adilah Idris
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, University Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan DN, Malaysia
Kenneth M. Olsen
Affiliation:
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
Beng-Kah Song*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: song.beng.kah@monash.edu
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Abstract

Weedy rice is one of the most dominant and competitive weed species found throughout rice planting areas worldwide. In Malaysia, a combination of agricultural practices such as direct seeding and shared use of machinery has contributed to the rapid proliferation of weedy rice across paddy fields in recent decades. Here, we report on the morphological characterization of weedy rice populations and inferred origin(s) of different morphotypes present in Peninsular Malaysia. Eight weedy rice morphotypes were distinguished based on a combination of traits such as awn presence/absence and hull color, from 193 accessions collected in 17 locations. Results showed a high proportion of awnless accessions (strawhull-, intermediate strawhull-, and brownhull-colored morphotypes, together composing 65% of sampled accessions), with awned accessions represented by strawhull, brownhull, and blackhull forms. Clustering and PCA analyses revealed four major clusters: (1) O. rufipogon and the majority of awned, blackhull, and brownhull—suggestive of a type of weedy rice originating from wild Oryza populations; (2) elite indica cultivar rice and the majority of strawhull weeds—supporting a previous proposal that weedy rice from Malaysia mainly evolved from indirect selection on cultivars for easy-shattering feral forms; (3) the majority of brownhull; and (4) a mixture of other weedy morphotypes—potentially reflecting multiple origins and subsequent admixture. The combination of key morphological descriptors will be useful for advising farmers appropriately in strategies for controlling the spread of weedy rice, including periodic manual weeding to reduce buildup of the seed bank in the fields.

Keywords

Weedy rice, Oryza sativa L. ORYSArice cultivars, Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica S. Kato ORYSAwild rice, Oryza rufipogon GriffithsMorphological characterizationriceseed traitsweed controlweedy rice
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 501 - 512
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

The first and second authors contributed equally to this work.

Associate Editor for this paper: William Vencill, University of Georgia.

References

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