Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T20:23:48.227Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Metolachlor Distribution in a Sandy Soil Under Irrigated Potato Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Daniel J. Burgard ,
William C. Koskinen ,
Robert H. Dowdy  and
H. H. Cheng
Daniel J. Burgard
Affiliation:
Soil Sci. Dep., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
William C. Koskinen
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108
Robert H. Dowdy
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108
H. H. Cheng
Affiliation:
Soil Sci. Dep., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Irrigated sandy soils have a high potential for leaching of agricultural chemicals to ground water. Objectives of this study were to determine the movement and persistence of metolachlor applied annually to a Hubbard loamy sand soil (Udorthentic Haploboroll) under irrigated potato production. Metolachlor was applied to the plots at rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai ha-1. A KBr tracer was applied to the same plots at the rate of 130 kg ha-1. Intact soil cores were collected before and after herbicide application during the cropping season. Water samples were collected weekly from suction samplers, 90 and 150 cm deep in each plot, during the growing season. Potato yields of 60 and 59 Mg ha-1 in 1989 and 1990, respectively, were above Minnesota state averages. Bromide tracer data confirmed the movement of water through the soil profile to at least a 150-cm depth. No detectable quantities of metolachlor were found below 30 cm in soil during either year. Time for dissipation of 50% of metolachlor ranged from 85 to > 106 d. Dissipation in 1990 appeared slower than in 1989 and residues remaining at the end of the season, averaged across application rates, were 44 and 64% in 1989 and 1990, respectively. No water samples contained metolachlor in 1989. Metolachlor was detected in 18 of 409 water samples collected during and after the growing season in 1990. Median detectable concentration of metolachlor was 0.4 μg L-1 in water samples from suction samplers at 90- and 150-cm depths in eight of 16 plots. Metolachlor Kd and Koc values, 3 and 220, respectively, were similar to reported values. Metolachlor sorption in the soil profile was correlated, in order of contribution, to organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, percent sand, and percent clay.

Keywords

Metolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamidepotato, Solarium tuberosum ‘Russet Burbank’Sorptiondegradationleaching
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 4 , December 1993 , pp. 648 - 655
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Becker, R. L., Herzfeld, D., Ostlie, K. R., and Stamm-Katovich, E. J. 1989. Pesticides: Surface runoff, leaching, and exposure concerns. Univ. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. AG-BU-3911, St. Paul, MN 32 p.Google Scholar
2. Bailey, A. M. and Coffey, M. D. 1986. Characterization of microorganisms involved in accelerated biodegradation of metalaxyl and metolachlor in soils. Can. J. Microbiol. 32:562–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Bouchard, D. C., Lavy, T. L., and Marx, D. B. 1982. Fate of metribuzin, metolachlor and fluometuron in soil. Weed Sci. 30:629–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Bowman, B. T. 1988. Mobility and persistence of metolachlor and aldicarb in field lysimeters. J. Environ. Qual. 17:689–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Bowman, B. T. 1989. Mobility and persistence of the herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, and terbuthylazine in Plainfield sand determined using field lysimeters. Environ. Toxic. Chem. 8:485–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Bowman, B. T. 1990. Mobility and persistence of alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor in Plainfield sand, and atrazine and isazofos in Honeywood silt loam, using field lysimeters. Environ. Toxic. Chem. 9:453–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Braverman, M. P., Lavy, T. L., and Barnes, C. J. 1986. The degradation and bioactivity of metolachlor in the soil. Weed Sci. 34:479–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Dahnke, W. C. 1988. Recommended chemical soil test procedures for the North Central Region. North Cent. Reg. Publ. No. 221, revised. North Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn., North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 37 pp.Google Scholar
9. Frank, R., Braun, H. E., Clegg, B. S., Ripley, R. D., and Johnson, R. 1990. Survey of farm wells for pesticides, Ontario. Canada 1986 and 1987. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 44:410–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Gee, G. W. and Bauder, J. W. 1986. Particle-size analysis. Pages 383–411 in Klute, A., ed. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1—Physical and mineralogical methods. 2nd ed. Monogr. No. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI.Google Scholar
11. Graham, J. S. and Conn, J. S. 1992. Sorption of metribuzin and metolachlor in Alaskan subarctic agricultural soils. Weed Sci. 40:155–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Grimes, M. F. 1968. Soil survey of Sherburne County, Minnesota. U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, DC. 243 pp.Google Scholar
13. Huang, L. Q. and Frink, C. R. 1989. Distribution of atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in soil profiles in Connecticut. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 43:159–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Koskinen, W. C., Jarvis, L. J., Dowdy, R. H., Wyse, D. L., and Buhler, D. D. 1991. Automation of atrazine and alachlor extraction from soil using a laboratory robotic system. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:561–562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Koskinen, W. C., O'Connor, G. A., and Cheng, H. H. 1979. Characterization of hysteresis in the desorption of 2,4,5-T from soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43:871–874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Krause, A., Hancock, W. G., Minard, R. D., Freyer, A. J., Honeycutt, R. C., LeBaron, H. M., Paulson, D. L., Liu, S. Y., and Bollag, J. M. 1985. Microbial transformation of the herbicide metolachlor by a soil actinomycete. J. Agric. Food Chem. 33:584–589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Kross, B. C. and Hallberg, G. 1989. Iowa statewide rural well water survey: Summary of statewide results and study design. Iowa Dep. Nat. Res. and Univ. Iowa. 3 pp.Google Scholar
18. LeBaron, H. M., McFarland, J. E., and Simoneaux, B. J. 1988. Metolachlor. Pages 335–382 in Kearney, R. C. and Kaufman, D. D., eds. Herbicides: Chemistry, degradation, and mode of action. Vol. 3 Marcell-Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
19. Lentner, M. and Bishop, T. 1986. Pages 94–95 in Experimental Design and Analysis. Valley Book Co., Blacksburg, VA.Google Scholar
20. Linden, D. R. 1977. Design, installation, and use of porous ceramic samplers for monitoring soil water quality. Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1562. 11 pp.Google Scholar
21. Liu, S. Y., Zhang, R., and Bollag, J. M. 1988. Biodegradation of metolachlor in a soil perfusion experiment. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 5:276–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. McGahen, L. L. and Tiedje, J. M. 1978. Metabolism of two new acylanilide herbicides, Antor herbicide (H-22234) and Dual (metolachlor) by a soil fungus Chaetomium globosum . J. Agric. Food Chem. 26:414–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Menne, M. J. and Seeley, M. W. 1991. C.A.W.A.P. 1990. Crop season climatic data University of Minnesota field research locations. Univ. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., St. Paul, MN. 77 pp.Google Scholar
24. Oehlert, G. W. 1991. MacAnova User's Guide. Version 2.4. Tech. Rpt. 493. Univ. Minnesota School of Statistics, St. Paul, MN. 74 pp.Google Scholar
25. Obrigawitch, T., Hons, F. M., Abernathy, J. R., and Gipson, J. R. 1981. Adsorption, desorption and mobility of metolachlor in soils. Weed Sci. 29:332–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Peter, C. J. and Weber, J. B. 1985. Adsorption, mobility and efficacy of alachlor and metolachlor as influenced by soil properties. Weed Sci. 33:874–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Pignatello, J. J. and Huang, L. Q. 1991. Sorptive reversibility of atrazine and metolachlor residues in field soil samples. J. Environ. Qual. 20:222–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Ransome, L. S. and Dowdy, R. H. 1987. Soybean growth and boron distribution in a sandy soil amended with scrubber sludge. J. Environ. Qual. 16:171–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Rostad, C. E., Pereira, W. E., and Leiker, T. J. 1989. Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 18:820–827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Roux, P. H., Balu, K., and Bennett, R. 1991. A large-scale retrospective ground water monitoring study for metolachlor. Ground Water Monitoring Rev. 11(3): 104–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. SAS Institute, Inc. 1988. Pages 549–640 in SAS/STAT User's Guide. Release 6.03 ed. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary. NC.Google Scholar
32. Saner, , Fermanich, T. J. K. J., and Daniel, T. C. 1990 Comparison of the pesticide root zone model under simulated and measured pesticide mobility under two tillage systems. J. Environ. Qual. 19:727–734.Google Scholar
33. Saxena, A., Zhang, R., and Bollag, J. M. 1987. Microorganisms capable of metabolizing the herbicide metolachlor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:390–396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34. Schaefer, R. L. and Anderson, R. B. 1989. Pages 107–120 in The student edition of Minitab. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Inc., Reading, MA.Google Scholar
35. Seeley, M. W., Menne, M. J., and Barrie, I. A. 1990. C.A.W.A.P. 1989 crop season climatic data University of Minnesota field research locations. Univ. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., St. Paul, MN. 75 pp.Google Scholar
36. Spillner, C. J., Thomas, V. M., Takahashi, D. G., and Scher, H. B. 1983. A comparative study of the relationships between the mobility of alachlor, butylate, and metolachlor in soil and their physicochemical properties. Pages 231–247 in Fate of Chemicals in the Environment. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37. USEPA. 1988. Pesticide Fact Book. U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency. U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, DC. Pages 522–529.Google Scholar
38. Walker, A. 1978. Simulation of the persistence of eight soil applied herbicides. Weed Res. 18:305–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Walker, A., Roberts, H. A., Brown, P. A., and Bond, W. 1983. Influence of the soil conditioner cellulose xanthate on the activity and persistence of nine acetanilide herbicides. Ann. Appl. Biol. 102:155–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Walker, A. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1981. Simulation of the persistence of atrazine, linuron and metolachlor in soil at different sites in the USA. Weed Res. 21:255–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Weber, J. B. and Peter, C. J. 1982. Adsorption, bioactivity and evaluation of soil tests for alachlor, acetochlor and metolachlor. Weed Sci. 30:14–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42. Weisberg, S. 1985. Pages 203–221 in Applied Linear Regression. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
43. Weisberg, S. 1986. Multreg User's Manual. Tech. Rpt. 298R. Univ. Minnesota School of Statistics, St. Paul, MN. 59 pp.Google Scholar
44. Wood, L. S., Scott, H. D., Marx, D. B., and Lavy, T. L. 1987. Variability in sorption coefficients of metolachlor on a Captina silt loam. J. Environ. Qual. 16:251–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Wright, J. and Bergsrud, F. 1986. Irrigation scheduling: Checkbook method. AG-FO-1322. Univ. Minnesota Ext. Serv., St. Paul, MN. 10 pp.Google Scholar
46. Zimdahl, R. L. and Clark, S. K. 1982. Degradation of three acetanilide herbicides in soil. Weed Sci. 30:545–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar