Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T23:45:59.263Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interactive effects of Aphthona nigriscutis and picloram plus 2,4-D in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jeffrey A. Nelson  and
Rodney G. Lym
Jeffrey A. Nelson
Affiliation:
Plant Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The combination of Aphthona spp. flea beetles and herbicides can increase leafy spurge control when compared with either method used alone, but the effect of herbicides on the biocontrol agent and conversely the effect of Aphthona on herbicides within the plant are unknown. Understanding this interaction will allow for maximum weed control with little or no negative effect on the establishment and reproduction of the biological agent. Fall application of picloram plus 2,4-D had a minimal negative effect on the A. nigriscutis population and no effect on overwintering fitness. The number of A. nigriscutis adults collected from soil cores taken from the field was similar regardless of the herbicide application date, although emergence was variable. Leafy spurge soluble and insoluble carbohydrate and soluble protein concentrations, which are indirect measurements of the herbicide's effect on nutrient availability to the insect, were similar in treated and untreated plants. Aphthona nigriscutis larval feeding did not affect the absorption or translocation of 14C–2,4-D or 14C-picloram alone or in combination in leafy spurge. The observed increase in leafy spurge control due to the combined treatment was likely an additive effect of herbicide toxicity to root tissue and A. nigriscutis larval feeding on root buds.

Keywords

Picloram2,4-DAphthona nigriscutis Foudrasleafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. EPHESBiocontrolinvasive weedIPMrangeland14C-herbicide translocation
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 1 , February 2003 , pp. 118 - 124
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anderson, G. L., Delfosse, E. S., Spencer, N. R., Prosser, C. W., and Richard, R. D. 1999. Biological control of leafy spurge: an emerging success story. Pages 15–25 In Spencer, N. R., ed. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.Google Scholar
Bale, J. S. 1996. Insect cold hardiness: a matter of life and death. Eur. J. Entomol. 93:369–382.Google Scholar
Beck, K. G. and Rittenhouse, L. R. 2000. Leafy spurge management with sheep and flea beetles. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 53:48–49.Google Scholar
Best, K. F., Bowes, G. G., Thomas, A. G., and Maw, M. G. 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds (Euphorbia esula L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 60:651–663.Google Scholar
Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, R. B. and Mundal, D. A. 1990. Introduction of insects for the biological control of leafy spurge in North Dakota. N. D. Farm Res. 47 (6): 7–8.Google Scholar
Chapman, R. F. 1969. The Insects Structure and Function. New York: American Elsevier. pp. 651–652.Google Scholar
Cyr, D. R. and Bewley, J. D. 1989. Carbon and nitrogen reserves of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) roots as related to overwintering strategy. Physiol. Plant. 77:67–72.Google Scholar
Cyr, D. R. and Bewley, J. D. 1990. Seasonal variation in nitrogen storage reserves in the roots of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and responses to decapitation and defoliation. Physiol. Plant. 78:361–366.Google Scholar
Dubois, M. K., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28:350–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enz, J., Egeberg, R., Brockberg, G., Carcoana, R., Rice, D., and Scherer, T. 1997. Weather. Fargo, ND: North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network, North Dakota State University. 8 p.Google Scholar
Fellows, D. P. and Newton, W. E. 1995. Preliminary assessment of effect of prescribed fire upon establishment of Aphthona nigriscutis in leafy spurge. Page 17 in Proceedings of the Leafy Spurge Symposium; Medora, ND. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. W., Richard, R. D., Parker, P. E., and Wendel, L. E. 1997. Distribution of biological control agents of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) in the United States: 1988–1996. Biol. Control 10:129–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, J. J. 1997. Biology of Aphthona nigriscutis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the laboratory. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 90:433–437.Google Scholar
Kirby, D. R., Carlson, R. B., Krabbenhoft, K. D., Mundal, D., and Kirby, M. M. 2000. Biological control of leafy spurge with introduced flea beetles (Aphthona spp.). J. Range Manag. 53:305–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lym, R. G. 1992. Propagation of Euphorbia esula for leafy spurge biocontrol agents. Weed Sci. 40:326–332.Google Scholar
Lym, R. G. 1998. The biology and integrated management of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) on North Dakota rangeland. Weed Technol. 12:367–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1985. Leafy spurge control with herbicides in North Dakota: 20 year summary. J. Range Manag. 38:149–154.Google Scholar
Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1987. Carbohydrates in leafy spurge roots as influenced by environment. J. Range Manag. 40:139–144.Google Scholar
Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1993. Fall cultivation and fertilization to reduce winter hardiness of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). Weed Sci. 41:441–446.Google Scholar
Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1994a. Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) control, forage production, and economic return with fall-applied herbicides. Weed Technol. 8:824–829.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lym, R. G. and Messersmith, C. G. 1994b. A decade of herbicide treatments controlled leafy spurge. N. D. Farm Res. 50 (3): 9–12.Google Scholar
Lym, R. G. and Moxness, K. D. 1989. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of picloram and 2,4-D in leafy spurge. Weed Sci. 37:498–502.Google Scholar
Lym, R. G. and Nelson, J. R. 2002. Integration of Aphthona spp. flea beetles and herbicides for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) control. Weed Sci. 50:812–819.Google Scholar
Maw, E. 1981. Biology of Some Aphthona spp. (Col.: Chrysomelidae) Feeding on Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) With Special References to Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia sp. near esula). . University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada. 258 p.Google Scholar
Messersmith, C. G. and Adkins, S. W. 1995. Integrating weed-feeding insects and herbicides for weed control. Weed Technol. 9:199–208.Google Scholar
Mundal, D. A. and Carlson, R. B. 1999. Aphthona flea beetle establishment determined by soil composition and root growth pattern. Page 9 in Proceedings of the Leafy Spurge Symposium; Medora, ND. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University.Google Scholar
Rees, N. E. 1994. The Aphthona pilot study. Page 45 in Proceedings of the Leafy Spurge Symposium. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.Google Scholar
Smith, D. 1981. Removing and Analyzing Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates from Plant Tissue. Madison, WI: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin Rep. 2107.Google Scholar