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The Influence of pH and Light on Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll after Exposure to Flumioxazin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Christopher R. Mudge ,
Brett W. Bultemeier  and
William T. Haller
Christopher R. Mudge*
Affiliation:
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110610, Gainesville, FL 32611
Brett W. Bultemeier
Affiliation:
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110610, Gainesville, FL 32611
William T. Haller
Affiliation:
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110610, Gainesville, FL 32611
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Christopher.R.Mudge@usace.army.mil
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Abstract

Flumioxazin has recently (2010) been registered for aquatic use for control of hydrilla and other noxious invasive aquatic plant species. Due to the rapid degradation of flumioxazin, especially in high pH water, some hydrilla research trials have produced less than desirable results with rapid plant regrowth. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of pH on flumioxazin's effect on photosynthesis. Flumioxazin applied at concentrations ≥ 200 µg ai L−1 in high (9.0) pH water and ≥ 100 µg L−1 in low (6.0) pH water required 68 to 123 h to reduce photosynthesis by 50% (ET50). The effect of 400 µg L−1 flumioxazin on photosynthesis of apical hydrilla tips was also compared at low (20 µmol m−2 s−1), medium (170 µmol m−2 s−1), and high (400 µmol m−2 s−1) light levels at pH 9.0. Low light–treated tips were still photosynthetic at approximately 73% of the nontreated control plants 168 h after treatment. Low light–treated hydrilla required an estimated 303 h to achieve a 50% reduction in photosynthesis, while high light plants only required 99 h. Chlorophyll content of hydrilla was reduced as flumioxazin concentration was increased from 100 to 1,600 µg L−1. These data indicate that flumioxazin activity on hydrilla photosynthesis is influenced by herbicide concentration, water pH, and light intensity.

Keywords

Flumioxazinhydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle HYLLIAquaticchlorophylldissolved oxygenherbicideinvasive speciesphotosynthesiswater quality
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 4 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180.

References

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