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Histological and Cytological Effects of Haloxyfop on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Unicorn-Plant (Proboscidea louisianica) Root Meristems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Steven F. Vaughn  and
Morris G. Merkle
Steven F. Vaughn
Affiliation:
Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843
Morris G. Merkle
Affiliation:
Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843
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Abstract

The effects of haloxyfop on elongation, mitotic index, and morphology of sorghum and unicorn-plant primary roots were examined. Elongation of sorghum roots was completely inhibited by haloxyfop concentrations of 10–6 M or greater 24 h after treatment, whereas unicorn-plant root elongation was unaffected by the same concentrations 72 h after treatment. Mitotic indices of sorghum roots were reduced by both 10–6 and 10–8 M haloxyfop, with the higher concentration reducing the index to near zero by 24 h of exposure. The mitotic indices of unicorn-plant roots were unaffected by the same levels of the herbicide after both 24- and 48-h treatment. Histological analyses showed that after 24 h exposure to 10–6 M haloxyfop, large vacuoles were present in cells at the root apex that normally did not exhibit these organelles. After 48 h of exposure many cells in the apical region appeared to lack visible cytoplasm and/or nuclei, and by 72 h only cell walls remained visibly evident, and many cells had collapsed. These changes are similar to those that occur in tissues undergoing senescence. Treatment of sorghum roots with 10–8 M haloxyfop did not cause discernible changes after 72 h. Unicorn-plant roots treated with 10–6 M haloxyfop appeared unaffected after 72 h.

Keywords

Haloxyfop, 2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acidsorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘Funk G-522 DR’unicorn-plant, Proboscidea louisianica (M.) Thell. ♯3 PROLOSenescencemitosismeristematic tissuevacuoles
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 4 , July 1989 , pp. 503 - 511
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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