Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-n9wrp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T01:10:20.930Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Growth and Interaction of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Paul E. Keeley  and
Robert J. Thullen
Paul E. Keeley
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Shafter, CA 93263
Robert J. Thullen
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Shafter, CA 93263
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Several weed-free and johnsongrass competition periods were established and maintained in cotton to evaluate their influence on cotton yield and reproduction of johnsongrass. When johnsongrass was sprayed with fluazifop in field plots 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks after cotton emergence, only plots sprayed at 3 weeks yielded as much cotton as weed-free plots. Johnsongrass permitted to compete for 6, 9, 12, and 25 weeks reduced cotton yields 20, 60, 80, and 90%, respectively. When johnsongrass was transplanted into weed-free plots 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after cotton emergence, a weed-free period of 9 weeks was required to prevent significant cotton yield reduction. Cotton in plots weed free for 3 and 6 weeks yielded 81 and 89% as much seed cotton, respectively, as weed-free controls. Johnsongrass competing with cotton for 9 to 12 weeks produced 20 and 40% as many seeds and rhizomes, respectively, as weedy control plots. Some seeds and rhizomes were produced (1% of weedy check plots) in plots weed free for 9 to 12 weeks. Cotton grades were reduced in plots weed free for 3 and 6 weeks, and in plots where johnsongrass competed for 9 to 25 weeks.

Keywords

Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ♯3 SORHAcotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Acala SJ-2′fluazifop, (±)-2-[4-[[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid]Cotton yieldweed seed and rhizome productioncotton gradesweed competitionSORHA
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , May 1989 , pp. 339 - 344
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bendixen, L. E. 1988. Soybean (Glycine max) competition helps herbicides control johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Technol. 2:46–48.Google Scholar
2. Bridges, D. C. and Chandler, J. M. 1987. Effect of herbicide and weed height on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield. Weed Technol. 1:207–211.Google Scholar
3. Bridges, D. C. and Chandler, J. M. 1987. Influence of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) density and period of competition on cotton yield. Weed Sci. 35:63–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Carter, C. H. and Keeley, P. E. 1987. Selective control of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with foliar herbicides. Weed Sci. 418–421.Google Scholar
5. Hargrave, M. R. and Watkins, S. D. 1983. Control of perennial grasses in cotton with fluazifop. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 36: 130–135.Google Scholar
6. Holm, L. G., Pluckett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds, Distribution and Biology. Univ. Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. Pages 54–61.Google Scholar
7. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1975. Influence of yellow nutsedge competition on furrow-irrigated cotton. Weed Sci. 23: 171–175.Google Scholar
8. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1979. Influence of planting date on the growth of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) from seed. Weed Sci. 27:554–558.Google Scholar
9. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1981. Control and competitiveness of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 29:356–359.Google Scholar
10. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1983. Influence of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)-free periods on yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 31:803–807.Google Scholar
11. Keeley, P. E., Thullen, R. J., and Carter, C. H. 1986. Influence of planting date on growth of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 34:906–910.Google Scholar
12. Keeley, P. E., Thullen, R. J., and Carter, C. H. 1987. Repeated annual applications of herbicides for control of rhizome johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 35:75–80.Google Scholar
13. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1989. Growth and competition of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 37:326–334.Google Scholar
14. Kempen, H. M. 1984. Cotton production losses from weed competition in Kern county: A three year evaluation. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 37:47–51.Google Scholar
15. McWhorter, C. G. 1961. Morphology and development of johnsongrass plants from seeds and rhizomes. Weeds 9:558–562.Google Scholar
16. McWhorter, C. G. 1971. Growth and development of johnsongrass ecotypes. Weed Sci. 19:141–147.Google Scholar
17. McWhorter, C. G. and Jordan, T. N. 1976. The effect of light and temperature on the growth and development of johnsongrass. Weed Sci. 24:88–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Patterson, M. and Monks, D. 1987. Report of the 1986 cotton weed loss committee. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf.—Cotton Weed Sci. Res. Conf. 11:361–364.Google Scholar