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Germination ecology and growth phenology of cowvine (Ipomoea lonchophylla) as influenced by environmental parameters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2023

Md Asaduzzaman Open the ORCID record for Md Asaduzzaman [Opens in a new window] ,
Eric Koetz Open the ORCID record for Eric Koetz [Opens in a new window] ,
Hanwen Wu Open the ORCID record for Hanwen Wu [Opens in a new window] ,
John Piltz Open the ORCID record for John Piltz [Opens in a new window]  and
Graham Charles Open the ORCID record for Graham Charles [Opens in a new window]
Md Asaduzzaman*
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Weed Research Unit, New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
Eric Koetz
Affiliation:
Research Agronomist, Southern Cropping Systems, New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
Hanwen Wu
Affiliation:
Principal Research Scientist, Weed Research Unit, New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
John Piltz
Affiliation:
Research Officer, Livestock Research Unit, New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
Graham Charles
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Weed Research Unit, Australian Cotton Research Institute, Narrabri, New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
*
Corresponding author: Md Asaduzzaman; Email: md.asaduzzaman@dpi.nsw.gov.au
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Abstract

Cowvine (Ipomoea lonchophylla J.M. Black) is a native and widely spread summer broadleaf weed in Australia. It contains glycoresins, which are toxic to livestock. However, limited information is available on seed germination ecology and growth phenology of this species. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the response of I. lonchophylla to different environmental conditions. Results showed that the primary dormancy exhibited by I. lonchophylla is due to the physical impediment of the hard seed coat. The seed germination percentage was the highest at the constant temperature of 27 C and alternating temperatures of 35/25 C. Germination of I. lonchophylla was not stimulated by light, suggesting that this species is non-photoblastic. Ipomoea lonchophylla germination was intolerant of a medium to high level of salt stress, and germination was completely inhibited at 250 mM NaCl. The emergence of I. lonchophylla was not restricted by seeding depth up to 8 cm, but only 5% emergence was recorded when seeds were planted at a 16-cm depth. The germination percentage was also drastically reduced by 90% to 100% after exposure to either 3 mo in silage, 48-h digestion in steers, or silage plus digestion treatments. The growth and reproductive phenology of I. lonchophylla was affected by emergence time. Plants that emerged in late spring (November 15) were able to produce more berries per plant than those that emerged in midsummer (January 15) in southern New South Wales. Information gained in our study concerning high soil salinity, ensiling, and digestion will help to develop more sustainable and effective integrated weed management strategies for controlling and reducing the spread of this weed.

Keywords

Biologyclimate changephotoblasticplasticityruminal exposuresilage
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 71 , Issue 4 , July 2023 , pp. 378 - 386
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Nathan S. Boyd, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center

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