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Germination biology of three populations of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2020

Aakansha Chadha Open the ORCID record for Aakansha Chadha [Opens in a new window] ,
Singarayer K. Florentine Open the ORCID record for Singarayer K. Florentine [Opens in a new window] ,
Kunjithapatham Dhileepan ,
Kim Dowling  and
Christopher Turville
Aakansha Chadha*
Affiliation:
Ph.D Scholar, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
Singarayer K. Florentine
Affiliation:
Professor, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
Kunjithapatham Dhileepan
Affiliation:
Senior Principal Scientist, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
Kim Dowling
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria3350, Australia; and Associate Professor, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Christopher Turville
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer, School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Aakansha Chadha, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC3350, Australia. (Email: aakanshachadha@students.federation.edu.au)
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Abstract

Navua sedge [Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kük.] is an aggressive perennial sedge native to equatorial Africa that has become problematic in many Pacific islands and wet, tropical Queensland, Australia. It has had a significant impact on the livestock-grazing industry, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and banana (Musa acuminata Colla) plantations, and various other ecosystems. A laboratory-based research investigation was conducted to understand germination and emergence requirements under various environmental conditions of three geographically varied populations sourced from South Johnstone (SJ), Mackay (M) and Nyleta Creek (NC) in Queensland. Germination was identified to be stimulated by light, with no germination recorded under darkness. Populations SJ and NC had optimal germination at alternating temperatures of 25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 C, whereas population M had optimal germination at 25/15 and 30/20 C. All populations recorded greater than 85% germination at all pH levels tested. Seeds of population SJ were more sensitive to salinity compared with populations M and NC, with SJ showing no germination at 100 mM, whereas populations M and NC had 23% and 9% germination, respectively. An inverse relationship was observed between osmotic potential and germination, with no germination recorded at osmotic potentials below −0.8 MPa in any population, indicating moisture availability is a critical requirement for germination. Exposing seeds to 120 C radiant heat completely inhibited germination in populations M and NC, whereas 3% of population SJ germinated following a 180-s exposure at 120 C. Seedling emergence decreased as planting depth increased. Emergence was greatest for seeds on the soil surface or at 0.5-cm burial depth, consistent with germination being stimulated by light. Knowledge of these biological characteristics of C. aromaticus seed germination will assist in investigation of suitable control actions for this species, particularly in the early stage of its invasion into new areas, and will contribute to significant reduction in the soil seedbank.

Keywords

Burial depthemergenceKyllinga polyphyllalightseedweed ecology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 69 - 81
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Hilary A. Sandler, University of Massachusetts

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