Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8bljj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T04:37:41.026Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic diversity of kochia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lemma W. Mengistu  and
Calvin G. Messersmith
Calvin G. Messersmith
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Genetic diversity of kochia was determined using 45 polymorphic intersimple sequence repeat markers. Comparisons of genetic diversity within and among populations were made after structuring 453 kochia plants into samples representing 13 populations on the basis of the collection site and into two sample groups on the basis of the cropping history and geographic region of the sites. Mean Nei's gene diversity (h) for the 13 populations was 0.35, and total diversity (HT) was 0.35, indicating that genetic diversity in kochia is very high. There was a greater proportion of diversity within (HS = 0.31) populations than among (GST = 0.09) populations. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance showed that 90% of the variation occurred within populations (P = 0.0001). Of the remaining variance, 4.5% was attributed to differences between the two groups (P = 0.0001) and 5.5% to differences among the 13 populations within the groups (P = 0.0001). Gene flow (Nm) among populations was 2.4. The high level of gene diversity and large proportion of within-population diversity in kochia suggest that, despite generations of herbicide selection, kochia maintains high genetic diversity through substantial levels of gene flow within and among populations.

Keywords

Kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSCIntersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markersgenetic diversitygene flowpopulation structureherbicide selection
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 50 , Issue 4 , August 2002 , pp. 498 - 503
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al Mouemar, A. and Gasquez, J. 1983. Environmental conditions and isozyme polymorphism in Chenopodium album L. Weed Res. 23:141–149.Google Scholar
Bassam, B. J., Gustavo, C. A., and Gresshoff, P. M. 1991. Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 196:80–83.Google Scholar
Bell, A. R., Nalewaja, J. D., and Schooler, A. B. 1972. Response of kochia selections to 2,4-D, dicamba, and picloram. Weed Sci. 20:458–462.Google Scholar
Chauvel, B. and Gasquez, J. 1994. Relationships between genetic polymorphism and herbicide resistance within Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Heredity 72:336–342.Google Scholar
Dexter, A. G. and Luecke, J. L. 2001. Survey of weed control and production practices on sugarbeet in eastern North Dakota and Minnesota—2000. Sugarbeet Res. Extension Rep. 31:36–66.Google Scholar
Eberlein, C. V. and Fore, Z. Q. 1984. Kochia biology. Weeds Today 15 (2): 5–7.Google Scholar
Guttieri, M. J., Eberlein, C. V., and Souza, E. J. 1998. Inbreeding coefficients of populations of Kochia scoparia using chlorsulfuron resistance as a phenotypic marker. Weed Sci. 46:521–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamrick, J. L. and Godt, M.J.W. 1989. Allozyme diversity in plant species. Pages 43–46 In Brown, A.H.D., Clegg, M. T., Kahler, A. L., and Weir, B. S., eds. Plant Population Genetics, Breeding and Genetic Resources. Sunderland, MA: Sinaur.Google Scholar
Hartl, D. L. and Clark, A. G. 1997. Principles of Population Genetics. Sanderland, MA: Sinaur. pp. 111–162.Google Scholar
Jasieniuk, M. and Maxwell, B. D. 2001. Plant diversity: new insights from molecular biology and genomics technologies. Weed Sci. 49:257–265.Google Scholar
Linhart, Y. B. and Grant, M. C. 1996. Evolutionary significance of local genetic differentiation in plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27:237–277.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. 1972. The apportionment of human diversity. Evol. Biol. 6:381–398.Google Scholar
Mengistu, L. W., Mueller-Warrant, G. W., and Barker, R. E. 2000. Genetic diversity of Poa annua in western Oregon grass seed crops. Theor. Appl. Genet. 101:70–79.Google Scholar
Moodie, M., Finch, R. P., and Marshall, G. 1997. Analysis of genetic variation in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) using molecular markers. Weed Sci. 45:102–107.Google Scholar
Mulugeta, D., Maxwell, B. D., Fay, P. K., and Dyer, W. E. 1994. Kochia (Kochia scoparia) pollen dispersion, viability, and germination. Weed Sci. 42:548–552.Google Scholar
Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70:3321–3323.Google Scholar
Nei, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89:583–590.Google Scholar
Primiani, M. M., Cotterman, J. C., and Saari, L. L. 1990. Resistance of kochia (Kochia scoparia) to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. Weed Technol. 4:169–172.Google Scholar
Rohlf, F. J. 1998. NTSYSpc. Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Version 2.0. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY.Google Scholar
Saari, L. L., Cotterman, J. C., and Thill, D. C. 1994. Resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides. Pages 83–140 In Powles, S. B. and Holtum, J.A.M., eds. Herbicide Resistance in Plants: Biology and Biochemistry. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Schneider, S., Roessli, D., and Excoffier, L. 2000. Arlequin Version 2.000: A Software for Population Genetics Data Analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Schoen, D. J. and Brown, A.H.D. 1991. Intraspecific variation in population gene diversity and effective population size correlates with the mating system in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4494–4497.Google Scholar
Slatkin, M. 1985. Gene flow in natural populations. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16:393–430.Google Scholar
Slatkin, M. and Barton, N. H. 1989. A comparison of three indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow. Evolution 43:1349–1368.Google Scholar
Stallings, G. P., Thill, D. C., Mallory-Smith, C. A., and Shafii, B. 1995. Pollen-mediated gene flow of sulfonylurea-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. 43:95–102.Google Scholar
Stiener, J. J., Poklemba, C. J., Fjellstrom, R. G., and Elliott, L. F. 1995. A rapid one-tube genomic DNA extraction process for PCR and RAPD analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:2569–2570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, C. R., Thill, D. C., and Shafii, B. 1994. Growth and competitiveness of sulfonylurea-resistant and -susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. 42:172–179.Google Scholar
Warwick, S. I. and Black, L. D. 1986. Electrophoretic variation in triazineresistant and -susceptible populations of Amaranthus retroflexus L. New Phytol. 104:661–670.Google Scholar
Warwick, S. I. and Black, L. D. 1993. Electrophoretic variation in triazine-resistant resistant and -susceptible populations of the allogamous weed Brassica rapa . Weed Res. 33:105–114.Google Scholar
Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A. R., Livak, K. J., Rafalski, J. A., and Tingey, S. V. 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6531–6535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, S. 1969. Evolution and Genetics of Populations. The Theory of Gene Frequencies. Volume 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 290–344.Google Scholar
Yeh, F. C., Yang, R. C., Boyle, T.B.J., Ye, Z. H., and Mao, J. X. 1997. POPGENE, the User-Friendly Shareware for Population Genetic Analysis. University of Alberta, Canada: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre.Google Scholar
Zietkiewicz, E., Rafalski, A., and Labuda, D. 1994. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics 20:176–183.Google Scholar
Zollinger, R. K., Dahl, G. K., McMullen, M. P., Glogoza, P., Dexter, A. G., Fitterer, S. A., Waldhaus, G. E., and Ignaszewski, K. 1998. Pesticide use and pest management practices for major crops in North Dakota 1996. North Dakota Ext. Serv. Rep. 43.Google Scholar