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Enhanced Atrazine Degradation: Evidence for Reduced Residual Weed Control and a Method for Identifying Adapted Soils and Predicting Herbicide Persistence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

L. Jason Krutz ,
Ian C. Burke ,
Krishna N. Reddy ,
Robert M. Zablotowicz  and
Andrew J. Price
L. Jason Krutz*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776
Ian C. Burke
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
Krishna N. Reddy
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776
Robert M. Zablotowicz
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776
Andrew J. Price
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36832
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Soilborne bacteria with novel metabolic abilities have been linked with enhanced atrazine degradation and complaints of reduced residual weed control in soils with an s-triazine use history. However, no field study has verified that enhanced degradation reduces atrazine's residual weed control. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare atrazine persistence and prickly sida density in s-triazine-adapted and nonadapted field sites at two planting dates; (2) utilize original and published data to construct a diagnostic test for identifying s-triazine-adapted soils; and (3) develop and validate an s-triazine persistence model based on data generated from the diagnostic test, i.e., mineralization of ring-labeled 14C-s-triazine. Atrazine half-life values in s-triazine-adapted soil were at least 1.4-fold lower than nonadapted soil and 5-fold lower than historic estimates (60 d). At both planting dates atrazine reduced prickly sida density in the nonadapted soils (P ≤ 0.0091). Conversely, in the s-triazine-adapted soil, prickly sida density was not different between no atrazine PRE and atrazine PRE at the March 15 planting date (P = 0.1397). A lack of significance in this contrast signifies that enhanced degradation can reduce atrazine's residual control of sensitive weed species. Analyses of published data indicate that cumulative mineralization in excess of 50% of C0 after 30 d of incubation is diagnostic for enhanced s-triazine degradation. An s-triazine persistence model was developed and validated; model predictions for atrazine persistence under field conditions were within the 95% confidence intervals of observed values. Results indicate that enhanced atrazine degradation can decrease the herbicide's persistence and residual activity; however, coupling the diagnostic test with the persistence model could enable weed scientists to identify s-triazine-adapted soils, predict herbicide persistence under field conditions, and implement alternative weed control strategies in affected areas if warranted.

Keywords

Atrazineprickly sida, Sida spinosa L.Simazinecross-adaptationpersistence modelhalf-life
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 4 , August 2009 , pp. 427 - 434
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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