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Decay and Nutrient Release Patterns of Weeds Following Post-Emergent Glyphosate Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nick T. Harre ,
Jon E. Schoonover  and
Bryan G. Young
Nick T. Harre*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
Jon E. Schoonover
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
Bryan G. Young
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: nharre@purdue.edu
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Abstract

The role of weed biomass in the nutrient balance of agro-ecosystems remains poorly understood. To measure the rate of decomposition and nutrient release of common weeds, litterbag methodology was employed using waterhemp and giant foxtail desiccated by glyphosate at heights of 10, 20, 30, and 45 cm in two southern Illinois soybean fields. Losses were then expressed as a decay constant (k) regressed over time according to the single exponential decay model. Concentrations of the recalcitrant cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were generally greatest as weed height (maturity) increased in giant foxtail compared with waterhemp. Sixteen weeks after desiccation by glyphosate, 10-cm waterhemp and giant foxtail detritus had lost 10 and 12% more mass, respectively, compared to the 45-cm height of each species. Decomposition rates revealed mass loss was highest for 10-cm waterhemp (kD = 0.022) and lowest for 45-cm giant foxtail (kD = 0.011) and this process was negatively correlated to the overall amount of cell wall constituents (r = −0.73). Nutrient release rates followed a similar trend in that both shorter (younger) weeds and waterhemp liberated nutrients more readily. Across all tested plant material, K was the nutrient most rapidly released, whereas, Ca was the most strongly retained nutrient.

Keywords

Glyphosatecommon waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea and Tardif AMATUgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFASoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Decompositionnutrient releaseweed residue
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 62 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 588 - 596
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907.

References

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