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Bacterial Stimulation by Carbamothioate Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

James G. Mueller ,
Horace D. Skipper ,
Ernest G. Lawrence  and
Ellis L. Kline
James G. Mueller
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0359
Horace D. Skipper
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0359
Ernest G. Lawrence
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0359
Ellis L. Kline
Affiliation:
Dep. Microbiol., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0359
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Abstract

Laboratory studies enumerated butylate-, EPTC-, vernolate-, pebulate-, and cycloate-utilizing bacteria and actinomycetes in a Dothan loamy sand following repeated use of butylate, EPTC, or vernolate. Herbicide utilizers were isolated on a defined medium composed of minimal salts plus 200 mg/L herbicide as the primary carbon source plus 25 mg/L TTC as an indicator of organisms capable of metabolizing the herbicide substrates. Media inoculated with a butylate-history soil developed more TTC-red actinomycetes on the butylate-indicator agar than did media inoculated with a non-herbicide-history soil. Similarly, media inoculated with a vernolate-history soil developed more TTC-red bacteria on the vernolate-indicator agar. Cross-adaptation from vernolate to butylate and cycloate was evident, with inoculant from the vernolate-history soil exhibiting an increase in bacterial counts when butylate or cycloate was present as the primary carbon source. Likewise, previous butylate exposure corresponded with an increase in the number of vernolate- and pebulate-utilizing actinomycetes. Previous exposure to EPTC resulted in an increased population of butylate- and pebulate-utilizing actinomycetes.

Keywords

Butylate, S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioatecycloate, S-ethyl cyclohexylethylcarbamothioateEPTC, S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioatepebulate, S-propyl butylethylcarbamothioateTTC, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloridevernolate, S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioateEnhanced biodegradationcross-adaptationbutylateEPTCvernolatepebulatecycloate
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , May 1989 , pp. 424 - 427
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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