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Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are Allelopathic to Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Gerald R. Leather
Gerald R. Leather*
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., P.O. Box 1209 Frederick, MD 21701
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Abstract

Laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars to suppress weed germination and growth. Germination of wild mustard [Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] seeds at 25 C in undiluted aqueous extracts of sunflower leaf tissue was inhibited 75%, but was stimulated by up to 150% at 10- and 100-fold dilutions. Stem-tissue extracts at all concentrations stimulated wild mustard seed germination. The germination response of other weed species varied with the sunflower cultivar and concentration of tissue extract. In sand culture, leachates of dried sunflower leaf and stem tissue inhibited broadleaf - weed seedling growth, but had little or no effect on the growth of grass weeds. Sunflower root exudates inhibited seedling growth, but were less effective than leaf and stem tissue leachates. Germination of weed seeds was unaffected by root exudates. Over a 5 -yr period, weed density and percent ground cover increased less in field plots of sunflower than in control plots.

Keywords

Weed seedgerminationseedling growth
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , January 1983 , pp. 37 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 Weed Science Society of America 

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