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Application Timing and Degradation Rate of Sulfosulfuron in Soil Co-affect Control Efficacy of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) in Tomato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2018

Amit Paporisch Open the ORCID record for Amit Paporisch [Opens in a new window] ,
Yael Laor ,
Baruch Rubin Open the ORCID record for Baruch Rubin [Opens in a new window] ,
Guy Achdari  and
Hanan Eizenberg
Amit Paporisch*
Affiliation:
Doctoral Student, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel, and Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
Yael Laor
Affiliation:
Researcher, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
Baruch Rubin
Affiliation:
Professor, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Guy Achdari
Affiliation:
Technician, Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
Hanan Eizenberg
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
*
Author for correspondence: Amit Paporisch, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 102, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel. (Email: amit.paporisch@mail.huji.ac.il)
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Abstract

Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers.) is a root-parasitic weed that severely damages many crops worldwide, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). In Israel, the management protocol used for P. aegyptiaca in open-field tomato includes PPI sulfosulfuron at 37.5 g ai ha−1 to the top 10-cm soil layer. The objective of this study was to investigate the co-effect of sulfosulfuron application timing and variable degradation rate in soil on the control efficacy of P. aegyptiaca in tomato. Degradation of sulfosulfuron (80ng g−1 soil) at a temperature of 15C, measured in soil samples from three farms using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, followed a first-order kinetics with variable degradation rate constant among sites (0.008 to 0.012 d−1). Incubation at 25 C increased sulfosulfuron degradation rate constant by a factor of 2 to 2.7 in soils from the different sites, with a similar degradation rate order among soils. A higher degradation rate in the soil resulted in a shorter period of residual activity, measured using a sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] bioassay. Phelipanche aegyptiaca management in open-field tomatoes was investigated in five independent field experiments. Sulfosulfuron soil concentration throughout the growing season (following preplant incorporation of 37.5 g ha−1) was calculated from laboratory-measured degradation rates, which were corrected to represent the effect of recorded temperatures at each field. At the end of the tomato growing season, control efficacy of P. aegyptiaca varied among experiments (70.4% to 100%) and positively correlated with predicted sulfosulfuron concentration at the critical period for seedling control (R2=0.67). The current study confirms that sulfosulfuron is degraded in soil to nonphytotoxic metabolites and that rapid degradation rates would result in reduced injury to P. aegyptiaca seedling and, consequently, lower control efficacy.

Keywords

Timothy L. Grey, University of GeorgiaEgyptian broomrapeparasitic weedspersistenceresidual herbicidessulfonylurea
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 6 , November 2018 , pp. 780 - 788
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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