Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T06:40:42.264Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Angiotensin II in the rabbit retina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Konrad Kohler ,
Thomas Wheeler-Schilling ,
Bernhard Jurklies ,
Elke Guenther  and
Eberhart Zrenner
Konrad Kohler
Affiliation:
Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology, Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
Thomas Wheeler-Schilling
Affiliation:
Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology, Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
Bernhard Jurklies
Affiliation:
Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology, Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
Elke Guenther
Affiliation:
Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology, Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
Eberhart Zrenner
Affiliation:
Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology, Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We investigated a putative local angiotensin II (AngII) system in the rabbit retina by examining AngII contents in the retina, vitreous humor, and choroid by radioimmunoassays and AngII synthesis in the retina and choroid by detection of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA. An antibody directed against AngII was used to localize possible cellular sources of AngII in the retina. To enhance immunoreactivity and to further examine AngII metabolism, tissues were preincubated in medium containing either protease inhibitors (PI), PI together with the AngII-precursor AngI, or PI and AngII. In some experiments the conversion of AngI to AngII was blocked by an ACE inhibitor. AngII concentration in the vitreous humor was only about 10% of the plasma concentration; in the retina and the choroid, however, AngII concentrations were 10 and 86 times higher, respectively, than in the plasma. ACE mRNA was present in both retina and choroid. Immunohistochemistry for AngII revealed faintly labeled amacrine cells at the inner border of the inner nuclear layer of the retina. Preincubation with PI resulted in an enhanced immunoreaction and in the labeling of fibers in the inner and outer plexiform layer; Müller cells and their processes as well as ganglion cells were now stained as well but the specificity of ganglion cell staining remains questionable. The immunoreaction was further enhanced when AngI or AngII was added to the incubation medium, whereas labeling totally disappeared when the conversion of AngI to AngII was blocked. No immunoreactive cells were detected in the choroid. In conclusion, the synthesizing enzyme for AngII is expressed in the retina and a specific AngII concentration is maintained there; AngII is localized in distinct cell types and can be metabolized within these cells. These data point to a local retinal AngII system that is protected and independent of blood-borne AngII.

Keywords

RetinaAmacrine cellsMüller cellsNeuropeptidesAngiotensin converting enzyme mRNA
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , January 1997 , pp. 63 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, A.M., Paxinos, K.F., Song, K.F. & Mendelsohn, F.A.O. (1992). Localization of angiotensin receptor binding sites in the rat brain. In Handbook of Chemical Neuwanatomy, Vol. II: Neuropeptide Receptors in the CNS, ed. Björklund, A., Hökfeld, T. & Kuhar, M.J., pp. 1–37. New York: Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
Batt, C.M., Jensen, L.L., Hanesworth, J.M., Harding, J.W. & Wright, J.W. (1990). Intracerebroventricularly applied peptidase inhibitors increase endogenous angiotensin levels. Brain Research 529, 126–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berka, J.L., Stubbs, A.J., Wang, D.Z.-M., Dinicolantonio, R., Alcorn, D., Campbell, D.J. & Skinner, S.L. (1995). Renin-containing Müller cells of the retina display endocrine features. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 36, 1450–1458.Google ScholarPubMed
Brandt, C.R., Pumfery, A.M., Micales, B., Bindley, C.D., Lyons, O.E., Sramek, S.J. & Wallow, I.H.L. (1994). Renin mRNA is synthesized locally in rat ocular tissues. Current Eye Research 13, 755–763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castellion, A.W. & Fulton, R.W. (1979). Preclinical pharmacology of saralasin. Kidney International 15, 11–19.Google Scholar
Chomczynski, P. & Sacchi, N. (1987). Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Annals of Biochemistry 162, 156–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danser, A.H.J., Derks, F.H.M., Admiraal, P.J.J., Deinum, J., De Jong, P.T.V.M. & Schalenkamp, A.D.H. (1994). Angiotensin levels in the eye. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 35, 1008–1017.Google ScholarPubMed
Datum, K.-H. & Zrenner, E. (1991). Angiotensin-like immunoreactive cells in the chicken retina. Experimental Eye Reseach 53, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deinum, J., Derkx, F.H.M., Danser, A.H.J. & Schalenkamp, M.A.D.H. (1990). Identification and quantification of renin and prorenin in the bovine eye. Endocrinology 126, 1673–1681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferrari-Deleo, G., Ryan, J.W., Rochwood, E.J., Davis, E.B. & Anderson, D.R. (1988). Angiotensin-converting enzyme in bovine, feline, and human ocular tissues. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 29, 876–881.Google Scholar
Fuxe, K., Ganten, D., Hokfeld, T. & Bölme, P. (1976). Immunohistochemical evidence for the existence of angiotensin II-containing nerve terminals in the brain and spinal cord of the rat. Neuroscience Letters 2, 229–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guenther, E., Schmid, S., Hewig, B. & Kohler, K. (1996). Two-fold effects of angiotensin II on voltage-dependent calcium currents in rat retinal ganglion cells. Brain Research 718, 112–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Igic, R. & Kojovic, V. (1980). Angiotensin I converting enzyme (kinase II) in ocular tissues. Experimental Eye Research 30, 299–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobi, P.C., Osswald, H., Jurklies, B. & Zrenner, E. (1994). Neuro-modulatory effects of the renin-angiotensin system on the cat electro-retinogram. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 35, 973–980.Google Scholar
Jurklies, B., Kohler, K., Eikermann, J. & Zrenner, E. (1994). Angiotenin II-like immunoreactivity in the retina of some mammalian species. German Journal of Ophthalmology 3, 37–42.Google Scholar
Lind, R.W. & Ganten, D. (1990). Angiotensin. In Handbook of Chemical Neuwanatomy, Vol. 9: Neuropeptides in the CNS, ed. Björklund, A., Hökfelt, T. & Kuhar, M.J., pp. 165–286. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Mallorga, P., Babilon, R.W. & Sugrue, M.F. (1989). Angiotensin-II receptors labeled with 125I-[Sar1-Ile8]-ANGII in albino rabbit ocular-tissues. Current Eye Research 8, 841–849CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marc, R.E. (1989). The role of glycine in the mammalian retina. Progress in Retinal Research 8, 67–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masland, R.H. & Tauchi, M. (1986). The cholinergic amacrine cell. Trends in Neurosciences 9, 218–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathis, U., Kohler, K. & Zrenner, E. (1994). Angiotensin I-converting enzyme: ERG recordings during intravitreal and systemic application of the ACE inhibitor Captopril in the chicken. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Suppl.) 35, 3665.Google Scholar
Ohia, S.E. & Jumblatt, J.E. (1993). Prejunctional receptors and second messengers for angiotensin II in the rabbit iris-ciliary body. Experimental Eye Research 57, 419–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sagar, S.M. (1987). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunohistochemistry in the rabbit retina. Brain Research 426, 157–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stell, W.K. (1985). Putative peptide transmitters, amacrine cell diversity and function in the inner plexiform layer. In Neurocircuitry of the Retina, ed. Gallo, A. & Gouras, P., pp. 171–187. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Vaney, D.I. (1990). The mosaic of amacrine cells in the mammalian retina. Progress in Retinal Research 9, 50–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, A.M., Doyle, M.V. & Mark, D.F. (1989). Quantification of mRNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 86, 9717–9721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zrenner, E., Dahlheim, P. & Datum, K.-H. (1989). A role of the angiotensin-renin system for retinal neurotransmission? In Neurobiology of the Inner Retina, ed. Weiler, R. & Osborne, N.N., pp. 375–387. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar