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Probabilistic DL Reasoning with Pinpointing Formulas: A Prolog-based Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2019

RICCARDO ZESE Open the ORCID record for RICCARDO ZESE [Opens in a new window] ,
GIUSEPPE COTA ,
EVELINA LAMMA ,
ELENA BELLODI  and
FABRIZIO RIGUZZI Open the ORCID record for FABRIZIO RIGUZZI [Opens in a new window]
RICCARDO ZESE*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria – Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy (e-mails: riccardo.zese@unife.it, giuseppe.cota@unife.it, evelina.lamma@unife.it)
GIUSEPPE COTA
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria – Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy (e-mails: riccardo.zese@unife.it, giuseppe.cota@unife.it, evelina.lamma@unife.it)
EVELINA LAMMA
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria – Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy (e-mails: riccardo.zese@unife.it, giuseppe.cota@unife.it, evelina.lamma@unife.it)
ELENA BELLODI
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica – Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy (e-mails: elena.bellodi@unife.it, fabrizio.riguzzi@unife.it)
FABRIZIO RIGUZZI
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica – Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy (e-mails: elena.bellodi@unife.it, fabrizio.riguzzi@unife.it)
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Abstract

When modeling real-world domains, we have to deal with information that is incomplete or that comes from sources with different trust levels. This motivates the need for managing uncertainty in the Semantic Web. To this purpose, we introduced a probabilistic semantics, named DISPONTE, in order to combine description logics (DLs) with probability theory. The probability of a query can be then computed from the set of its explanations by building a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD). The set of explanations can be found using the tableau algorithm, which has to handle non-determinism. Prolog, with its efficient handling of non-determinism, is suitable for implementing the tableau algorithm. TRILL and TRILLP are systems offering a Prolog implementation of the tableau algorithm. TRILLP builds a pinpointing formula that compactly represents the set of explanations and can be directly translated into a BDD. Both reasoners were shown to outperform state-of-the-art DL reasoners. In this paper, we present an improvement of TRILLP, named TORNADO, in which the BDD is directly built during the construction of the tableau, further speeding up the overall inference process. An experimental comparison shows the effectiveness of TORNADO. All systems can be tried online in the TRILL on SWISH web application at http://trill.ml.unife.it/.

Keywords

probabilistic description logicsSemantic WebBinary Decision DiagramtableauProlog
Type
Original Article
Information
Theory and Practice of Logic Programming , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , May 2019 , pp. 449 - 476
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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Footnotes

This work was supported by Gruppo Nazionale per il Calcolo Scientifico (GNCS-INdAM).

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