Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T00:14:16.557Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Unsteady Mass Loss in Close Binaries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

R. F. Webbink*
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The evolution of a system of 1.50M and 0.50M components with initial separation 3.00R is presented. The primary reaches its Roche lobe after 6.108 × 108 yr, and the mass loss rate grows quickly to ~ 1.1 × 10−7M yr−1. The deep convective envelope of the secondary contracts in response to accretion, however, and the system avoids contact, even though the main sequence mass-radius relationship crosses the Roche relationship at 0.758M.

The growth of the convective envelope of the primary with mass loss prevents thermaltimescale mass transfer from reaching any stable value. The mass loss rate continues to increase as a result of the tendency of the growing convective envelope to expand with mass loss. A Bath-type pulsational instability in the mass transfer rate is manifested as a longer-period thermal instability in the hydrostatic treatment. Eventually mass loss proceeds on a dynamical timescale, reaching 1.5 × 10−4Myr−1. This is followed by a detached phase with the mass ratio not yet reversed, and a second dynamical episode leaving a 0.6666M + 1.3334M binary still in a semi-detached state. The original secondary, now more massive, has a surface luminosity of 0.0538L but a nuclear luminosity of 1540L, and a convective core of 1.076M separated by a radiative zone of only 0.028M from its convective envelope.

An attempt is made to follow the evolution of the secondary in the case where the stream energy, much greater than the intrinsic luminosity of the secondary, is dissipated spherically symmetrically at its surface. The outer envelope departs radically from the previous case, an optically deep radiative surface layer forming, and the convection zone splitting into two, the lower one remaining very massive. Because the mass transfer timescale is short compared with the thermal timescale of the secondary, however, it is concluded that the stream luminosity cannot significantly alter the evolution of the secondary.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1976