Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-25T12:08:33.045Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relics of Nuclear Activity: Do All Galaxies Have Massive Black Holes?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

Roeland P. van der Marel
Roeland P. van der Marel*
Affiliation:
STScI, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MB 21218, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The distribution of black hole (BH) masses M• in galaxies is constrained by photometric and kinematic studies of individual galaxies, and by the properties of the quasar population. I review our understanding of these topics, present new results of adiabatic BH growth models for HST photometry of elliptical galaxies with brightness profiles of the ‘core’ type, and discuss the implications of ground-based stellar kinematical data. It is not yet possible to uniquely determine the BH mass distribution, but the available evidence is not inconsistent with a picture in which: (i) a majority of galaxies has BHs; (ii) there is a correlation (with large scatter) between M• and spheroid luminosity Lsph of the form M• ≈ 10−2Lsph (solar B-band units); and (iii) the BHs formed in a quasar phase through mass accretion with efficiency ε ≈ 0.05.

Type
Nuclear Activity
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 186: Galaxy Interactions at High and Low Redshift , 1999 , pp. 333 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1999 

References

Bahcall, J.N., Wolf, R.A., 1976, ApJ, 209, 214 Google Scholar
Beers, T.C., Sommer-Larsen, J., 1995, ApJS, 96, 175 Google Scholar
Bender, R., Saglia, R.P., Gerhard, O.E., 1994, MNRAS, 269, 785 Google Scholar
Binney, J., Mamon, G.A., 1982, MNRAS, 200, 361 Google Scholar
Bower, G.A., et al., 1997, ApJL, in press; astro-ph/9710264 [M84] Google Scholar
Byun, Y.-I., et al., 1996, AJ, 111, 1889 Google Scholar
Chokshi, A., Turner, E.L., 1992, MNRAS, 259, 421 Google Scholar
Crane, P., et al., 1993, AJ, 106, 1371 Google Scholar
Evans, W., de Zeeuw, P.T., 1994, MNRAS, 271, 202 Google Scholar
Faber, S.M., et al., 1997, AJ, in press; astro-ph/9610055 [F97] Google Scholar
Ferrarese, L., Ford, H.C., Jaffe, W., 1996, ApJ, 470, 444 [NGC 4261] Google Scholar
Ferrarese, L., Ford, H.C., Jaffe, W., 1998, ApJ, submitted [NGC 6251] Google Scholar
Ford, H.C., et al., 1998, in Proc. IAU Symp. 184 (Kluwer), in press; astro-ph/9711299 Google Scholar
Gebhardt, K., et al., 1996, AJ, 112, 105 Google Scholar
Gebhardt, K., et al., 1998, AJ, submitted Google Scholar
Genzel, R., Eckart, A., Ott, T., Eisenhauer, F., 1997, MNRAS, 291, 219 [Galaxy] Google Scholar
Gerhard, O.E., et al., 1998, MNRAS, submitted; astro-ph/9710129 Google Scholar
Greenhill, L.J., Gwinn, C.R., Antonucci, R., Barvainis, R., 1996, ApJ, 472, L21 [NGC 1068] Google Scholar
Greenhill, L.J., Moran, J.M., Herrnstein, J.R., 1997, ApJ, 481, L23 [NGC 4945] Google Scholar
Haehnelt, M.G., Rees, M.J., 1993, MNRAS, 263, 168 [HR93] Google Scholar
Jedrzejewski, R., Schechter, P.L., 1989, AJ, 98, 147 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kormendy, J., Richstone, D., 1995, ARA&A, 33, 581 [KR95] Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., et al., 1996, ApJ, 459, L57 [NGC 3115] Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., et al., 1996, ApJ, 473, L91 [NGC 4594] Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., et al., 1997, ApJ, 482, L139 [NGC 4486B] CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauer, T.R., et al., 1992, AJ, 103, 703 Google Scholar
Loveday, J., Peterson, B.A., Efstathiou, G., Maddox, S.J., 1992, ApJ, 390, 338 Google Scholar
Lynden-Bell, D., 1969, Nature, 223, 690 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macchetto, F., Marconi, A., Axon, D.J., Capetti, A., Sparks, W., 1997, ApJ, 489, 579 [M87] Google Scholar
Magorrian, J., et al., 1998, AJ, in press; astro-ph/9708072 [Mg98] Google Scholar
Merritt, D., Oh, S.P., 1997, AJ, 113, 1279 Google Scholar
Miyoshi, M., et al., 1995, Nature, 373, 127 [NGC 4258] Google Scholar
Newman, J.A., et al., 1997, ApJ, 485, 570 [Arp 102B] Google Scholar
Pei, Y.C., et al., 1998, ApJ, submitted [M31] Google Scholar
Peletier, R.F., Davies, R.L., Lindsey, E, Illingworth, G.D., Cawson, M., 1990, AJ, 100, 1091 Google Scholar
Quinlan, G.D., Hernquist, L., Sigurdsson, S., 1995, ApJ, 440, 554 [Q95] Google Scholar
Quinlan, G.D., Hernquist, L., 1997, New Astronomy, submitted; astro-ph/9706298 Google Scholar
Richstone, D., 1996, BAAS, 189, 111.02 [NGC 3377] Google Scholar
Richstone, D., 1998, in Proc. IAU Symp. 184 (Kluwer), in press Google Scholar
Rix, H.-W., de Zeeuw, P.T., Cretton, N., van der Marel, R.P., Carollo, , 1997, ApJ, 488, 702 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schechter, P.L., Dressier, A., 1987, AJ, 94, 563 Google Scholar
Simien, F., de Vaucouleurs, G., 1986, ApJ, 302, 564 Google Scholar
Soltan, A., 1982, MNRAS, 200, 115 Google Scholar
Stiavelli, M., M⊘ller, P., Zeilinger, W.W., 1993, A&A, 277, 421 Google Scholar
Tremaine, S., 1996, in ‘Unsolved Problems in Astrophysics’, (Princeton Univ. Press), 137 Google Scholar
van Albada, T.S., 1982, MNRAS, 201, 939 Google Scholar
van den Bosch, F., 1997, (Leiden University) [NGC 4342] Google Scholar
van der Marel, R.P., 1991, MNRAS, 253, 710 Google Scholar
van der Marel, R.P., 1994, MNRAS, 270, 271 [vdM94] Google Scholar
van der Marel, R.P., de Zeeuw, P.T., Rix, H.W., Quinlan, G.D., 1997, Nature, 385, 610 Google Scholar
van der Marel, R.P., et al., 1998, ApJ, 493, in press; astro-ph/9705081 [M32] Google Scholar
Young, P., et al., 1978, ApJ, 221, 721 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, P., 1980, ApJ, 242, 1232 [Y80] CrossRefGoogle Scholar