Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T19:15:36.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Particle Acceleration at Astrophysical Shocks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

A. Achterberg
A. Achterberg*
Affiliation:
Sterrenkundig Instituut, Postbus 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The acceleration of particles in the vicinity of astrophysical shocks has become the main paradigm in astrophysics for the production of superthermal and relativistic particles. In this review, I consider the basic theory of shock acceleration and the open questions.

Type
Part I: Talks
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 195: Highly Energetic Physical Processes and Mechanisms , 2000 , pp. 291 - 301
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000 

References

Achterberg, A. 1979, A&A, 76, 276.Google Scholar
Achterberg, A. 1981, A&A, 98, 195.Google Scholar
Achterberg, A., Blandford, R. D., & Periwal, V. 1984, A&A, 132, 97.Google Scholar
Achterberg, A., & Ball, L. 1994, A&A, 285, 687.Google Scholar
Alekseyev, I. I., & Kroptokin, A. P. 1970, Geomagn. Aeron., 10, 755.Google Scholar
Armstrong, T. P., Pesses, M. E., & Decker, R. B. 1985, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research, eds. Tsurutani, B. T. & Stone, R. G. (Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union), 271.Google Scholar
Axford, W. I. 1981, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 375, 297.Google Scholar
Axford, W. I., Leer, E., & Skadron, G. 1977, Proc. 15 Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Budapest: Central Research Institute for Physics) 11, 132.Google Scholar
Baade, W., & Zwicky, F. 1934, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 20, 259.Google Scholar
Ball, L., & Kirk, J. G. 1992, ApJ, 396, L42.Google Scholar
Baring, M. G., Ellison, D. C., & Jones, F. C. 1993, ApJ, 409, 327.Google Scholar
Baring, M. G., Ellison, D. C., & Jones, F. C. 1994, ApJS, 90, 547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baring, M. G., Ellison, D. C., & Jones, F. C. 1995, ApJ, 453, 873.Google Scholar
Bednarz, J., & Ostrowski, M. 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 3911.Google Scholar
Begelman, M. C., Rudak, D., & Sikora, M. 1990, ApJ, 363, 38.Google Scholar
Begelman, M. C., & Zweibel, E. G. 1994, ApJ, 431, 689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. R. 1978, MNRAS, 182, 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blandford, R. D., & Eichler, D. 1987, Phys. Rep., 154, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blandford, R. D., & Ostriker, J. P. 1978, ApJ, 221, L29.Google Scholar
Burn, B. J. 1975, A&A, 45, 435.Google Scholar
Colgate, S. A., & Johnson, M. H. 1960, Phys. Rev. Lett., 5, 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Hoffmann, T., & Teller, E. 1950, Phys. Rev., 80, 692.Google Scholar
Dolginov, A. Z., & Katz, M. E. 1994, Phys. Rep., 239, 285.Google Scholar
Drury, L. O'C. 1983, Rep. Progr. Phys., 46, 963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drury, L. O'C. 1991, MNRAS, 251, 340.Google Scholar
Drury, L. O'C., & Falle, S. A. E. G. 1986, MNRAS, 223, 353.Google Scholar
Drury, L. O'C., & Völk, H. J. 1981, ApJ, 248, 344.Google Scholar
Drury, L. O'C., Völk, H. J., & Berezhko, E. G. 1995, A&A, 299, 222.Google Scholar
Duffy, P., Drury, L. O'C., & Völk, H. 1994, A&A, 291, 613.Google Scholar
Duffy, P., Kirk, J. G., Gallant, Y. A., & Dendy, R. O. 1995, A&A, 302, L21.Google Scholar
Edminston, J. P., Kennel, C F., & Eichler, D. 1982, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 531.Google Scholar
Eichler, D. 1979, ApJ, 229, 419.Google Scholar
Eichler, D. 1984, ApJ, 277, 429.Google Scholar
Ellison, D. C., Giacalone, J., Burgess, D., & Schwartz, S. J. 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21085.Google Scholar
Ellison, D. C., Baring, M. G., & Jones, F. C. 1995, ApJ, 453, 873.Google Scholar
Falle, S. A. E. G., & Giddings, J. R. 1987, MNRAS, 225, 399.Google Scholar
Fermi, E. 1949, Phys. Rev., 75, 1169.Google Scholar
Forman, M., & Morfill, G. 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Tokyo: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research), 5, 328.Google Scholar
Gallant, Y. A., & Achterberg, A. 1999, MNRAS, 305, L6.Google Scholar
Hall, D. E., & Sturrock, P. A. 1967, Phys. Fl., 10, 1593.Google Scholar
Hudson, P. D. 1965, MNRAS, 131, 23.Google Scholar
Isichenko, M. B. 1991, Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion, 33, 795.Google Scholar
Jokipii, J. R. 1982, ApJ, 255, 716.Google Scholar
Jokipii, J. R. 1987, ApJ, 313, 842.Google Scholar
Jokipii, J. R., & Parker, E. N. 1969, ApJ, 155, 777.Google Scholar
Jones, F. C., & Ellison, D. C. 1991, Space Sci. Rev., 58, 259.Google Scholar
Kang, H., & Jones, T. W. 1990, ApJ, 353, 149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, H., & Jones, T. W. 1995, ApJ, 447, 944.Google Scholar
Kazanas, D., & Ellison, D. C. 1986, ApJ, 304, 178.Google Scholar
Kennel, C. F., & Petchek, H. E. 1966, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1.Google Scholar
Kirk, J. G. 1994, in Plasma Astrophysics, Saas-Fee Advanced Course 24, eds. Benz, A. O. & Couvoisier, T. J-L. (Berlin: Springer), 262.Google Scholar
Kirk, J. G., & Schneider, P. 1987a, ApJ, 315, 425.Google Scholar
Kirk, J. G., & Schneider, P. 1987b, ApJ, 322, 256.Google Scholar
Kirk, J. G., & Schneider, P. 1988, A&A, 201, 177.Google Scholar
Kirk, J. G., Duffy, P., & Gallant, Y. A. 1996, A&A, 314, 1010.Google Scholar
Krimsky, G. E. 1977, Dokladay Acad. Nauk. SSR, 242, 1306.Google Scholar
Koyama, K., Petre, R., Gotthelf, E. V., Hwang, U., Matsuura, M., Ozaki, M., & Holt, S. S. 1995, Nature, 378, 255.Google Scholar
Malkov, M. A., & Völk, H. J. 1995, A&A, 300, 605.Google Scholar
Malkov, M. A., & Völk, H. J. 1996, ApJ, 473, 347.Google Scholar
Mészáros, P., & Rees, M. J. 1997, ApJ, 476, 232.Google Scholar
Mond, M., & Drury, L. O'C. 1998, A&A, 332, 385.Google Scholar
Norman, C. A., Melrose, D. B., & Achterberg, A. 1995, ApJ, 454, 60.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N. 1965, Planet. Space Sci., 13, 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sari, R., Piran, T., & Narayan, R. 1998, ApJ, 497, L17.Google Scholar
Scholer, M., Kucharek, H., & Trattner, K. J. 1997, Adv. Space Res., 21, 533.Google Scholar
Shatzman, E. 1967, Ann. d'Astr., 26, 234.Google Scholar
Sikora, M., Rudak, , Kirk, J. G., Begelman, M. C., & Schneider, P. 1987, ApJ, 341, L33.Google Scholar
Skilling, J. 1975a, MNRAS, 172, 557.Google Scholar
Skilling, J. 1975b, MNRAS, 172, 567.Google Scholar
Vietri, M. 1995, ApJ, 453, 883.Google Scholar
Waxman, A. 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 386.Google Scholar
Wentzel, D. G. 1974, ARA&A, 12, 71.Google Scholar
Whipple, E. C., Northrop, T. G., & Birmingham, T. J. 1986, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4149.Google Scholar
Zank, G. P., Axford, W. I., & McKenzie, J. F. 1990, A&A, 233, 275.Google Scholar
Zdziarski, A. A. 1986, ApJ, 305, 45.Google Scholar