Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-tdptf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-16T02:55:54.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evidence for Non-Velocity Redshifts-New Evidence and Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

Halton Arp
Halton Arp*
Affiliation:
Hale Observatories, Carnegie Institution of Washington, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., U.S.A.

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Evidence for non-velocity redshifts in quasars and galaxies is reviewed. It is shown that all current statistical tests favour the association of at least some quasars with relatively nearby galaxies. It is shown that a statistically significant number of quasars falling close to faint galaxies have intermediate redshift (between z = 0.4 and 1.8). This confirms the previous result that those are the intrinsically most luminous quasars and keeps open the possibility that less luminous quasars can appear projected at large distances around very nearby galaxies.

It is shown that in four individual cases where quasars fall, projected, closest to bright galaxies, the galaxies show evidence of physical interaction. New evidence for perturbations of the inner isophotes of NGC 4319 by Markarian 205 and by a radio source on the opposite side is presented.

Evidence for systematically higher redshifts for compact and peculiar companion galaxies is reviewed. The intrinsic redshift-morphology relation for clusters of galaxies is commented upon and the relation to Tifft's work is noted. As a summarizing diagram, the individual associations of high redshift quasars and companions are used to show an empirical continuity of observed characteristics between compactness (taken to be a measure of youth) and excess redshift.

Finally some possible theoretical explanations for intrinsic redshifts are mentioned.

Type
Research Article
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 58: The Formation and Dynamics of Galaxies , 1974 , pp. 199 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1974 

References

Adams, T. F. and Weymann, R. J.: 1972, Astrophys. Letters 12, 143.Google Scholar
Allen, R. J.: 1970, Astron. Astrophys. 7, 330.Google Scholar
Arp, H.: 1966, Science 151, 1214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arp, H.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 148, 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arp, H.: 1970, Astron. J. 75, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arp, H.: 1971a, Science 174, 1189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arp, H.: 1971b, Astrophys. Letters 9, 1.Google Scholar
Arp, H.: 1972a, in Evans, D. S. (ed.), ‘External Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Objects’, IAU Symp. 44, 380.Google Scholar
Arp, H.: 1972b, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 4, 397.Google Scholar
Arp, H.: 1973a, Astrophys. J. 183, 411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arp, H.: 1973b, in Field, G. (ed.), The Redshift Controversy, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass. Google Scholar
Arp, H., Burbidge, E. M., Mackay, C. D., and Strittmatter, P. A.: 1972, Astrophys. J. Letters 171, L41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahcall, J. N., McKee, C. F., and Bahcall, N. A.: 1972, Astrophys. Letters 10, 147.Google Scholar
Bahcall, N. A., Bahcall, J. N., and Schmidt, M.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 183, 777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balkowski, C.: 1972, Thèse de 3ème cycle, Université de Paris.Google Scholar
Balkowski, C., Bottinelli, L., Chamaraux, P., Gouguenheim, L., and Heidmann, J.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 25, 319.Google Scholar
Barbieri, C., Battistini, P., and Nasi, E.: 1967, Publ. Oss. Astron. Padova, No. 141.Google Scholar
Bertola, F., and Nasi, E.: 1971, Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital, 42, 517.Google Scholar
Bogart, R.S. and Wagoner, R. B.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 181, 609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bottinelli, L. and Gouguenheim, J.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 26, 85.Google Scholar
Browne, I. W. A. and McEwan, N. J.: 1973, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 162, 21p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burbidge, E. M., Burbidge, G. R., Solomon, P. M., and Strittmatter, P. A.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 170, 233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burbidge, G. R. and O'Dell, S. L.: 1973, Astrophys. J. Letters 182, L47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burbidge, G. R., O'Dell, S. L., and Strittmatter, P. A.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 175, 601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Vaucouleurs, G. and de Vaucouleurs, A.: 1964, Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies, University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Ford, H. C. and Epps, H. W.: 1972, Astrophys. Letters 12, 139.Google Scholar
Greenberger, D. M.: 1970a, J. Math. Phys. 11, 2329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberger, D. M.: 1970b, J. Math. Phys. 11, 2341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberger, D. M.: 1973, Preprint on theories of variable mass particles.Google Scholar
Hazard, C. and Sanitt, N.: 1972, Astrophys. Letters 11, 77.Google Scholar
Heidmann, J. and Kalloghlian, A. T.: 1973, Astrofizika 9, 71.Google Scholar
Hoyle, F. and Narlikar, J. V.: 1971, Nature 233, 41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hubble, E.: 1936, Realm of the Nebulae, Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Jaakkola, T.: 1971, Nature 234, 534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaakkola, T.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 27, 449.Google Scholar
Jennison, R. C. and Das Gupta, M. K.: 1953, Nature 172, 996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhi, L. V., Pecker, J. C., and Vigier, J. P.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 32, 11.Google Scholar
Lynds, R. and Millikan, A. G.: 1972, Astrophys. J. Letters 176, L5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maltby, P., Matthews, T. A., and Moffet, A. T.: 1963, Astrophys. J. 137, 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, T. A., Morgan, W. W., and Schmidt, M.: 1964, Astrophys J. 140, 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merat, P., Pecker, J.-C., and Vigier, J.-P.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 30, 167.Google Scholar
Pecker, J.-C., Roberts, A., Tait, W., and Vigier, J. P.: 1973, Nature 241, 338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pineau des Forêts, G. and Schneider, J.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 26, 397.Google Scholar
Peterson, B. A. and Bolton, J. G.: 1972, Astrophys. Letters 10, 105.Google Scholar
Roberts, M. S.: 1969, Astron. J. 74, 859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, V. C., Ford, W. K., and Rubin, J. S.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 183, L111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sastry, G. N. 1970, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 82, 1051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, I. E.: 1974, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 71, 765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapley, H. and Ames, A.: 1932, Ann. Harv. Coll. Obs. 88, No. 2.Google Scholar
Shostak, G. S.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 187, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strittmatter, P. A.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 170, 233.Google Scholar
Tifft, W. G.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 175, 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tifft, W. G.: 1973a, Astrophys. J. 179, 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tifft, W. G.: 1973b, Astrophys. J. 181, 305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tifft, W. G. and Gregory, S. A.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 181, 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Kruit, P. C.: 1971, Astron. Astrophys. 15, 110.Google Scholar
Verón, P. and Verón, M. P.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 30, 155.Google Scholar
Weedman, D. W.: 1970, Astrophys. J. Letters 161, L113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwicky, F., Herzog, E., and Wild, P.: 1961, Catalogue of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies, vol. 1, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.Google Scholar
Zwicky, F., Karpowicz, M., and Kowal, C. T.: 1965, Catalogue of Galaxies and Cluster of Galaxies, vol. 5, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.Google Scholar