Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-15T02:48:08.030Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

EFFECTS OF NARROW READING AND LISTENING ON L2 VOCABULARY LEARNING

MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2019

Anna C-S. Chang*
Affiliation:
Hsing Wu University
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Anna C-S. Chang, #101 Section One, Feng-Liao Road, Linkou, New Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail: annachang@livemail.tw

Abstract

Sixty target words were selected from two sets of graded readers. One set contained three readers with the same title, The Railway Children, and the other set, three books about Sherlock Holmes. Students chose one of the two sets to read and were given a pretest, an immediate posttest, and a five-week delayed posttest on their acquisition of spelling, aural meaning, written meaning, and use. Five fixed factors (time, frequency of word occurrence, glossing, word frequency levels, and four dimensions of vocabulary knowledge) in vocabulary learning and a random variable (the participants) were analyzed with generalized linear mixed models. The results show that the odds of improvements in the knowledge of written and aural meanings were significantly better than those for the knowledge of spelling and use. Significant interaction effects were found between time and other fixed factors, except for glossing. Pedagogical implications of the results are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This study was supported by a research grant from Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 104-2410-H-266-004-MY2). I would like to express my thanks to the anonymous SSLA reviewers and Dr. Giles Witton-Davies of National Taiwan University for spending their valuable time reading the manuscript and offering helpful comments.

References

REFERENCES

Bassett, J. (2008). Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s Son. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, R., Waring, R., & Donkaewbua, S. (2008). Incidental vocabulary acquisition from reading, reading-while-listening, and listening to stories. Reading in a Foreign Language, 20, 136163.Google Scholar
Chang, C-S., & Hu, H-C. (2018). Learning vocabulary through extensive reading: Word frequency levels and L2 learners’ vocabulary knowledge level. TESL-EJ, 22. Retrieved from http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume22/ej85/ej85a1/.Google Scholar
Cheng, Y-H., & Good, R. L. (2009). L1 glosses: Effects on EFL learners’ reading comprehension and vocabulary. Reading in a Foreign Language, 21, 119142.Google Scholar
Cho, K.-S., & Krashen, S. D. (1994). Acquisition of vocabulary from the Sweet Valley Kids series: Adult ESL acquisition. Journal of Reading, 37, 662667.Google Scholar
Cho, K. S., Ahn, K. O., & Krashen, S. D. (2005). The effects of narrow reading of authentic texts on interest and reading ability in English as a foreign language. Reading Improvement, 42, 5864.Google Scholar
De Grout, M. B., & Keijzer, R. (2000). What is hard to learn is easy to forget: The roles of concreteness, cognate, status and word frequency in foreign-language vocabulary learning and forgetting. Language Learning, 50, 156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckerth, J., & Tavakoli, P. (2012). The effects of word frequency and elaboration of word processing on incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition through reading. Language Teaching Research, 16, 227252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, N. C., & Beaton, A. (1993). Psycholinguistic determinants of foreign language vocabulary learning. Language Learning, 43, 559617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escott, J. (2000). The railway children. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gardner, D. (2004). Vocabulary input through extensive reading: A comparison of words found in children’s narrative and expository reading materials. Applied Linguistics, 25, 137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, D. (2008). Vocabulary recycling in children’s authentic reading materials: A corpus-based investigation of narrow reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 20, 1, 92122.Google Scholar
Hatami, S. (2017). The differential impact of reading and listening on L2 incidental acquisition of different dimensions of word knowledge. Reading in a Foreign Language, 29, 6185.Google Scholar
Holmes, H. (2008). The railway children. Harlow, UK: Person Education Limited.Google Scholar
Horst, M. (2005). Learning L2 vocabulary through extensive reading: A measurement study. The Canadian Modem Language Review, 61, 355382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulstijn, J. H., Hollander, M., & Greidanus, T. (1996). Incidental vocabulary learning by advanced foreign language students: The influence of marginal glosses, dictionary use, and reoccurrence of unknown words. The Modern Language Journal, 80, 327339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hwang, K., & Nation, P. (1989). Reducing the vocabulary load and encouraging vocabulary learning through reading newspapers. Reading in a Foreign Language, 6, 323335.Google Scholar
Jacobs, G., Dufon, P., & Fong, C. (1994). L1 and L2 glosses in L2 reading passages: Their effectiveness for increasing comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. Journal of Research in Reading, 17, 1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, E. Y. (2015) Promoting L2 vocabulary learning through narrow reading. RELC Journal, 46, 165179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, R. (2002). The Last Sherlock Holmes story. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ko, M. H. (2012). Glossing and second language vocabulary learning. TESOL Quarterly, 46, 5679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krashen, S. D. (1981). The case for narrow reading. TESOL News, 12, 23.Google Scholar
Laufer, B., & Rozovski-Roitblat, B. (2011). Incidental vocabulary acquisition: The effects of task type, word occurrence and their combination. Language Teaching Research, 15, 391411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H., Warschauer, M., & Lee, J. H. (2017). The effects of concordance-based electronic glosses on L2 vocabulary learning. Language Learning and Technology, 21, 3251.Google Scholar
Lu, M. (2013). Effects of four vocabulary exercises on facilitating learning vocabulary meaning, form, and use. TESOL Quarterly, 47, 167176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, S., Kramer, B., & Beglar, D. (2015). The creation and validation of a listening vocabulary levels test. Language Teaching Research, 19, 741760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Methold, K. (2009). The railway children. Seoul, Korea: Compass Publishing.Google Scholar
Mohamed, A. A. (2018). Exposure frequency in l2 reading: An eye-movement perspective of incidental vocabulary learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 40, 269293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nation, I. S. P., & Wang, K. M-T. (1999). Graded readers and vocabulary. Reading in a Foreign Language, 12, 355380.Google Scholar
Nation, P. (2006). How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and listening? The Canadian Modem Language Review, 63, 5982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pellicer-Sánchez, A. (2016). Incidental l2 vocabulary acquisition from and while reading. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 38, 97130CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pellicer-Sánchez, A., and Schmitt, N. (2010). Incidental vocabulary acquisition from an authentic novel: Do “things fall apart”? Reading in a Foreign Language, 22, 3155.Google Scholar
Pigada, M., & Schmitt, N. (2006). Vocabulary acquisition from extensive reading: A case study. Reading in a Foreign Language, 18, 128.Google Scholar
Pulido, D. (2004). The relationship between text comprehension and second language incidental vocabulary acquisition: A matter of topic familiarity? Language Learning, 54, 469523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, B. L. (2015). The effects of word form variation and frequency on second language incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading. Applied Linguistics Review, 6, 467497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodgers, M., & Webb, S. (2011). Narrow viewing: The vocabulary in related television programs. TESOL Quarterly, 45, 689717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, R. (1992). Awareness and second language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 13, 206226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, N., & Carter, R. (2000). The lexical advantages of narrow reading for second language learners. TESOL Journal, 9, 49.Google Scholar
Schmitt, N., Schmitt, D., & Clapham, C. (2001). Developing and exploring the behaviours of two new versions of the vocabulary levels test. Language Testing, 18, 5588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suk, N. (2016). The effects of extensive reading on reading comprehension, reading rates, and vocabulary acquisition. Reading Research Quarterly, 52, 7389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutarsyah, C., Nation, P., & Kennedy, G. (1994). How useful is EAP vocabulary for ESP? A corpus-based study. RELC Journal, 25, 3450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swain, M. (2005). The output hypothesis: Theory and research. In Hinkel, E. (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 471483). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Teng, F. (2018). Incidental vocabulary acquisition from reading-only and reading-while-listening: A multi-dimensional approach. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 12, 274288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Hell, J. G., & Candia Mahn, A. (1997). Keyword mnemonics versus rote rehearsal: Learning concrete and abstract foreign words by experienced and inexperienced learners. Language Learning, 47, 507546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Zeeland, H., & Schmitt, N. (2013). Incidental vocabulary acquisition through L2 listening: A dimensions approach. System, 41, 609624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vidal, K. (2011). A comparison of the effects of reading and listening on incidental vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning, 61, 219258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waring, R., & Takaki, M. (2003). At what rate do learners learn and retain new vocabulary from reading a graded reader? Reading in a Foreign Language, 15, 130163.Google Scholar
Watanabe, Y. (1997). Input, intake, and retention: Effects of increased processing on incidental learning of foreign language vocabulary. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 287307.Google Scholar
Webb, S. (2007). The effects of repetition on vocabulary knowledge. Applied Linguistics, 28, 4665. doi: 10.1093/applin/aml048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, S. (2008). The effects of context on incidental vocabulary learning. Reading in a Foreign Language, 20, 232245.Google Scholar
Webb, S., & Chang, C-S. (2012). Vocabulary learning through assisted and unassisted repeated reading. Canadian Modern Language Review, 68, 267290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, S., & Chang, C-S. (2015a). Second language vocabulary learning through extensive reading with audio support: How do frequency and distribution of occurrence affect learning? Language Teaching Research, 19, 667686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, S., & Chang, C-S. (2015b). How does prior word knowledge affect vocabulary learning progress in an extensive reading program? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 37, 651675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, S. & Nation, I. S. P. (2013). Teaching vocabulary. In Chappelle, C. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied linguistics (pp. 56705677). Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Webb, S., & Rodgers, M. P. H. (2009a). The vocabulary demands of television programs. Language Learning, 59, 335366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, S., & Rodgers, M. P. H. (2009b). The lexical coverage of movies. Applied Linguistics, 30, 407427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, S., Newton, J., & Chang, A. C-S. (2013). Incidental learning of collocation. Language Learning, 63, 91120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, C. (2000). Sherlock Holmes short stories. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zhao, A., & Guo, Y. (2012). The effect of four enhancement techniques on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition through reading. Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14, 4868.Google Scholar