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A Durham Canonical Manuscript of the Late Twelfth Century
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016
Extract
This paper seeks to present merely a preliminary report on a twelfh-century English canonical manuscript of more than usual interest. The work in question is the Durham Cathedral MSC.III.i, ff. 1v-18r, of which a complete analysis with full palaeographical description will be published later, giving clearer definition to the discussions simply outlined here. To deal briefly with the physical appearance of the manuscript first: the folios are 13½ × 9½ in. in size, and the canonical matter is transcribed in double or triple columns with an average of sixty-five lines to the column, carefully written in several different hands of the later twelfth century, with many rubrics and occasional brief marginal references, comments or glosses. It may be said at once that one obvious point of interest in this work is the variety of types of composition, many of them common-place enough individually, gathered together compactly within a few folios of a single volume, revealing the many-sided activities of English canonical collectors at a very creative and formative period in the history of canon law.
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- Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1965
References
page 179 note 1 For previous references to this MS, see Kuttner, S., ‘Repertorium der Kanonistik, 1140-1234,’ Studi e Testi, LXXI (1937), 280-1Google Scholar; W. Holtzmann, ‘Uber eine Ausgabe der päpstlichen Dekretalen des 12. Jahrhunderts,’ Nachrichten von der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Kl., 1945, 22; idem and Kemp, E. W., Papal Decretals relating to the Diocese of Lincoln in the Twelfth Century, Lincoln Record Society, XLVII (1954), xii Google Scholar; Duggan, C., Twelfth-Century Decretal Collections and their Importance in English History, University of London Historical Studies, 1963, 78-9Google Scholar.
page 179 note 2 Triple columns are found on ff. 13 r -14 v ; all other folios have double columns, except that f. 11 v is undivided, bearing an arbor consanguinitatis and various glosses. Marginalia are found on ff. 5 v , 5 v , 6 r , 7 v , 8 r , 8 r , 9 r , 10 v , 11 r , 11 v , 12 r , 12 v , 15 r , 150 v , 17 r , and 17 v .
page 180 note 1 The canonical collection begins on f. 1 v ; the first marginal enumeration appears on f. 2 r , at the beginning of the second book; the nineteenth book begins on f. 5 va .
page 180 note 2 Ibid. ff. 6 r -7 v ; ff. 5-7 are designated Collectio Dunelmensis I in Kuttner, op. cit. 280-1, and in Holtzmann and Kemp, op. cit. xii.
page 180 note 3 For the earliest known appendices to Gratian MSS, see Kuttner, Repertorium, 272-6; for analyses of Parisienas II and Appendix Concila Lateranensis, see Friedberg, E., Die Canonessammlungen zwischen Gratian und Bernhard von Pavia, Leipzig 1897, 21–45 Google Scholar and 63-84. The Durham MS, f. 6 rb , includes the group of letters: JL 7401, 9654, and 9506, together with the adjacent marginal comment ‘De iuramento calumpnie,’ agreeing exactly in sequence and title with Parisienas II, LIII, 2, 3, and 4, and Appendix, XXIII, 1, 2, and 3.
page 181 note 1 Durham MS, ff. 7 va -8 rb . The initial letter of the pope’s name at the beginning of each entry is missing from the MS; the initials of other names appear in lower case, but are given here in capitals.
page 181 note 2 There is one further marginal reference: Stephen is numbered 110th pope on f. 8 ra .
page 181 note 3 Radulfi de Diceto Decani Lundoniensis Opera Historica, ed. Stubbs, W., RS, 1876, 11, 185-91Google Scholar. Diceto provides additional lists of popes with the longest reigns, popes of the same name and a list of schisms: ibid. 192-5.
page 181 note 4 The full entry for Alexander III is: ‘Alexander III genere Thusculano cepit anno xx Mclxii. Seidt annis xvi. Imperante Frederico; antipapa Octaviano, postea Guidone, deinde Johanne.’ Diceto’s list has simply: ‘Alexander sedit annis xxii’: ed. cit. 11, 191.
page 182 note 1 Durham MS, ff. 8 va —10 vb , 14 rb -16 vb , and 17 ra -18 ra . But see ako the Durham Collection, Collectio Dunelmensis I-III, in Kuttner, op. cit. 280-1, and in Holtzmann and Kemp, op. cit. xii.
page 182 note 2 The canons of the Council of Tours are on ff. 14 rb -14 vb ; the decretals of Lucius III are on f. 18 ra . The second and third groups of decretals could perhaps be treated as a single collection, but there is undoubtedly a break in continuity between them. One folio, or more, is missing between ff. 17 v and 18 r , so the original number of items in the third group of decretals was probably much higher than the estimate given here.
page 182 note 3 Duggan, Decretal Collections, 78-9.
page 183 note 1 The MSS references are respectively: MS Bodley e Museo 249, ff. 121-35; MS Bodley Laud Misc. 527, ff. 24-45; British Museum, Royal MS 11 B.II, ff. 97-102; BM, Royal MS 10 B.IV, ff. 42-58 and 59-65; BM, Royal MS 10 C.IV, ff. 137-55; BM, Royal MS 15 B.IV, ff. 107-18. Cf. Holtzmann and Kemp, op. cit. xii; and Duggan, Decretal Collections, 68-84.
page 183 note 2 Ibid. 68-117 (passim), 118-24 and 149-51; see also my ‘Decretal Collections in the British Museum,’ SCH, 1 (1964), 132-44Google ScholarPubMed.
page 183 note 3 Durham MS, f. 18 ra .
page 183 note 4 Ibid. ff. 11 ra -12 vb .
page 183 note 5 Ibid. f. 11 v .
page 183 note 6 Ibid. f. 11 v : ‘Confirmatio nove religionis.’
page 184 note 1 A critical commentary on these claims and on the canons cited by the Durham glossator in support of his definitions will be published later. Similar lists of papal prerogatives in other decretist MSS are now discussed in Watt, J. A., ‘The Theory of Papal Monarchy in the Thirteenth Century: the Contribution of the Canonists’ Traditio, xx (1964), 259-60Google Scholar.
page 184 note 2 Durham MS, ff. 13 ra -14 ra .
page 184 note 3 Ibid. f. 13 ra .
page 184 note 4 Ibid. f. 13 va .
page 185 note 1 I must thank Mr J. E. Fagg for most courteous advice on various matters of detail in the Durham MS.