Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-xq9c7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-06T18:34:38.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Trials of Lady Chatterley, the Modernist Bishop and the Victorian Archbishop: Clashes of Class, Culture and Generations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Stuart Mews*
Affiliation:
Grantchester

Extract

‘Now firmly established as a modernist novelist’, D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930) remains a controversial writer, especially for the ambiguity of his attitudes to fascism and feminism. This essay considers the role played by the then forty-one-year-old bishop of Woolwich, John Robinson, in offering evidence for the defence in the Old Bailey trial in 1960 which acquitted Penguin Books of obscenity in publishing Lawrence’s novel Lady Chatterley’s Lover. In taking part in the trial Robinson acquired notoriety (or credit). His public admiration for Lawrence’s writing placed him at odds with the two postwar archbishops, Geoffrey Fisher (Canterbury) and Cyril Garbett (York). In the words of Mark Roodhouse in a pioneering article, ‘for ecclesiastical historians the Lady Chatterley trial not only reveals changing social attitudes but also growing division within the Church of England between “two Christianities” over the way to respond to these changes’. Robinson did not receive further advancement in the Church.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Williams, Linda R., ed., Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature: The Twentieth Century (London, 1992), 218.Google Scholar

2 Roodhouse, Mark, ‘Lady Chatterley and the Monk’, JEH 59 (2008), 475500.Google Scholar

3 Thompson, Kenneth, ‘Church of England Bishops as an Elite’, in Stanworth, Philip and Giddens, Anthony, eds, Elites and Power in British Society (Cambridge, 1974), 198207 Google Scholar; Simon, Glyn, ed., Bishops (London, 1961)Google Scholar, includes a visionary essay by John Robinson, ‘The New Model Episcopacy’: ibid. 125–38.

4 Simon, ed., Bishops, 2.

5 ODNB, s.n. ‘Lawrence, David Herbert (1885–1930)’.

6 Masson, Margaret J., ‘D. H. Lawrence’s Congregational Inheritance’, D. H. Lawrence Review 22 (1990), 5368.Google Scholar For the wider influence of the former Church of England priest Edward Carpenter, see Delavenay, Emile, D. H. Lawrence and Edward Carpenter: A Study in Edwardian Transition (London, 1971)Google Scholar.

7 Searle, G. R., A New England? Peace and War 1886–1918 (Oxford, 2004), 583.Google Scholar

8 Lawrence, D. H., Sex, Literature and Censorship (1955)Google Scholar, quoted in Bristow, E. J., Vice and Vigilance: Purity Movements in Britain since 1700 (Dublin, 1977), 222.Google Scholar

9 Annan, Noel, Our Age: Portrait of a Generation (London), 53, 62.Google Scholar

10 Sillitoe, Alan, ‘Proletarian Novelists’, Books and Bookmen, August 1959, 13.Google Scholar

11 Sinfield, Alan, Literature, Politics and Culture in Postwar Britain (Berkeley, CA, 1989), 259.Google Scholar

12 The Times, 2 January 1960.

13 Taylor, A. J. P., English History 1914–1945 (Harmondsworth, 1965), 325.Google Scholar

14 Roodhouse, ‘Lady Chatterley’, 478–80.

15 Garbett, Cyril, In an Age of Revolution (Harmondsworth, 1956), 75.Google Scholar

16 Ibid. 76.

17 Ibid. 77.

18 Marwick, Arthur, The Sixties (Oxford, 1999) 316 Google Scholar; McLeod, Hugh, The Religious Crisis of the 1960s (Oxford, 2007), 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19 Ferris, Paul, Sex and the British: A Twentieth Century History (London, 1993), 176.Google Scholar Ferris was the first to use the relevant file from the Directorate of Public Prosecutions.

20 Bristol, University Library, Penguin Book Archive, DM 1679/4, John Robinson to M. Rubinstein, 21 August 1960. I am grateful to Rachel Hassall for help with this archive.

21 Ibid., DM 1979/6, Ernest Raymond to M. Rubinstein, 21 August 1960.

22 Raymond, Ernest, The Story of My Days (London, 1968), 5960.Google Scholar

23 Rolph, C. H., The Trial of Lady Chatterley: Regina v. Penguin Books Ltd (Harmonds-worth, 1961), 703.Google Scholar

24 Mackenzie, Compton, My Life and Times: Octave Ten 1953–1963 (London, 1971), 152.Google Scholar

25 Mackenzie, Compton, On Moral Courage (London, 1962), 1256.Google Scholar

26 ODNB, s.n. ‘Simon, (William) Glyn Hughes (1903–1972)’; Jones, Owen W., Glyn Simon: His Life and Opinions (Llandysul, 1981)Google Scholar.

27 London, LPL, Fisher Papers, vol. 246, fol. 173, Glyn Simon to G. F. Fisher, 7 November 1960.

28 Ibid.

29 Travell, John, Doctor of Souls: Leslie Weatherhead 1893‴1976 (Cambridge, 1999), 69.Google Scholar

30 Ferris, , Sex and the British, 1767 Google Scholar; Muggeridge, Malcolm, Chronicles of Wasted Time (London, 1972), 65 Google Scholar; Bergonzi, Bernard, Wartime and Aftermath: English Literature and its Background 1939–1960 (Oxford, 1993), 210 Google Scholar; Ricketts, Rita, comp., Adventurers All: Tales of Blackwellians, of Books, Bookmen, Reading and Writing Folk (Oxford, 2002), 250.Google Scholar

31 James, Eric, A Life of John A. T Robinson, Bishop, Pastor, Prophet (London, 1987), 96.Google Scholar

32 Carpenter, Edward, Archbishop Fisher: His Life and Times (Norwich, 1991), 304.Google Scholar

33 James, Robinson, 89.

34 Fisher Papers, vol. 246, fol. 168, G. F. Fisher to J. A. T. Robinson, 3 November 1960.

35 Ibid., fol. 162, Archbishop’s Canterbury statement; James, Robinson, 98.

36 Ibid., fol. 177, J. A. T. Robinson to G. F. Fisher, 8 November 1960.

37 London, LPL, Robinson Papers, vol. 3539, fol. 67, E. M. Forster to J. A. T. Robinson, 2 November 1960.

38 Fisher Papers, vol. 347, fol. 168, Enid Blyton to G. F. Fisher, 6 November 1960.

39 Ibid., vol. 246, fol. 158, A. H. Cuckney to Col. Hornby, 2 November 1960.

40 Robinson Papers, vol. 3539, fol. 133, A. R. Vidler to J. A. T. Robinson, 9 November 1960; James, Robinson, 104. The letter was signed by Geoffrey Lampe, Donald M. MacKinnon, Hugh Montefiore, Alec Vidler and Harry Williams.

41 Fisher Papers, vol. 258, fol. 199, Harry Williams to G. F. Fisher, 7 November 1960.

42 Ibid., fol. 201, G. F. Fisher to H. Williams, 23 November 1960.

43 Ibid.

44 Ibid.

45 Robinson Papers, vol. 3539, fol. 85, Jane Dart and Felicity Babington to J. A. T. Robinson, 18 November 1960.

46 Fisher Papers, vol. 261, fol. 116, G. F. Fisher to Timothy Beaumont, 1 December 1960.

47 Ibid.

48 Ibid., fol. 121, Timothy Beaumont to G. F. Fisher, 3 January 1961.

49 Ibid., fol. 119, G. F. Fisher to Timothy Beaumont, 19 January 1961.

50 James, Robinson, 89.

51 Robinson Papers, vol. 3539, fol. 46, Eric Abbott to J. A. T. Robinson, 14 November 1960.

52 Pitt, Valerie, The Writer and the Modern World: A Study in Literature and Dogma (London, 1966), 78.Google Scholar

53 Robert Runcie, Foreword to Carpenter, Fisher, vii.