Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T16:43:00.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Urban Spatial Transformation: Philadelphia, 1850 to 1880, Heterogeneity to Homogeneity?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Janet Rothenberg Pack
Janet Rothenberg Pack*
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The study of the socioeconomic differentiation of urban residential patterns has occupied generations of social scientists. Sociologists, economists, and political scientists adduce a strong relationship between residential patterns and human behavior. Moreover, the residential patterns established early in the city’s development are also believed to influence the evolution of future social and spatial organization (Hurd, 1903; Hoyt, 1939; Hoover and Vernon, 1959). Economists and political scientists have been preoccupied with the rapid suburbanization of the urban population since the end of World War II and the fragmentation of the metropolitan area into independent political jurisdictions (ACIR, 1965; Margolis, 1961; Oates, 1971; Tiebout, 1956; Pack and Pack, 1978).

Type
Research Article
Information
Social Science History , Volume 8 , Issue 4 , Fall 1984 , pp. 425 - 454
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1984 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

fn001

Author’s Note: This paper was written with the encouragement and assistance of numerous persons associated with the Philadelphia Social History Project, University of Pennsylvania. Theodore Hershberg proposed and encouraged the investigation and Henry Williams and Richard Greenfield generously shared their extensive knowledge of the contents and technical details of the PSHP data files. Henry Williams also read and commented extensively on several versions of the paper. William Kreider and Peter Maio provided excellent programming services. Elizabeth Welsh and Elda Quinn were cooperative and efficient typists. The discussion of Roger Simon, of Lehigh University, at the American History Association meetings was very helpful in reorienting some of the interpretation of the data. This research was begun with support from the Division of Research Grants, National Endowment for the Humanities (RO 32485-78-1612). The PSHP also acknowledges support from the Sociology Program, Division of Social Sciences; National Science Foundation; the Center for Population Research, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development; and the Center for Work and Mental Health, National Institute for Mental Health.

References

Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (1965) Metropolitan Social and Economie Disparities: Implictions for Intergovernmental Relations in Central Cities and Suburbs. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Alonso, W. (1964) Location and Land Use. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Burstein, A.N. (1981) “Immigrants and residential mobility: the Irish and Germans in Philadelphia, 1850-1880,” pp. 174–203 in Hershberg, T. (ed.) Philadelphia: Work, Space, Family and Group Experience in the Nineteenth Century: Essays Toward an Interdisciplinary History of the City. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Davis, A. F. (1973) “Introduction,” pp. 3–12 in Davis, A. F. and Haller, M. H., The Peoples of Philadelphia: A History of Ethnic Groups and Lower-Class Life, 1790-1940. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Davis, A. F. and Haller, M. H. (1973) The Peoples of Philadelphia: A History of Ethnic Groups and Lower-Class Life, 1790-1940. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Goheen, P.G. (1970) Victorian Toronto, 1850 to 1900. Chicago: University of Chicago, Department of Geography.Google Scholar
Harrison, D. Jr., and Kain, J.F. (1974) “Cumulative urban growth and urban density functions.” J. of Urban Economics 1: 61–98.Google Scholar
Hershberg, T., Burstein, A., Ericksen, E., Greenberg, S., and Yancey, W. (1979) “A tale of three cities: blacks, immigrants, and opportunity in Philadelphia, 1850-1880, 1930 and 1970.” Annals of the Amer. Academy of Pol. and Social Sci. 441 (January): 55–81.Google Scholar
Hershberg, T., Cox, H., Light, D. Jr., and Greenfield, R. (1981) “The ‘journey-to-work’: an empirical investigation of work, residence and transportation, Philadelphia, 1850 and 1880,” pp. 128–173 in Hershberg, T. (ed.) Philadelphia: Work, Space, Family and Group Experience in the Nineteenth Century: Essays Toward an Interdisciplinary History of the City. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Hershberg, T. [ed.] (1981) Philadelphia: Work, Space, Family and Group Experience in the Nineteenth Century: Essays Toward an Interdisciplinary History of the City. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Hoover, E. M. and Vernon, R. (1959) Anatomy of a Metropolis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Hoyt, H. (1939) The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities. Washington: Federal Housing Administration.Google Scholar
Hurd, R. M. (1903) Principles of City and Land Values. New York: The Record and Guide.Google Scholar
Leik, R. F. (1966) “A measure of ordinal consensus.” Pacific Soc. Rev. (Fall).Google Scholar
Margolis, J. (1961) “Metropolitan finance problems: territories, functions, and growth,” pp. 229–270 in Universities-NBER, Public Finances: Needs, Resources, and Utilization. Princeton, NJ: Universities-NBER.Google Scholar
Mills, E. S. (1972) Studies in the Structure of the Urban Economy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Muth, R. (1969) Cities and Housing. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Oates, W. E. (1971) “The effects of property taxes and local public spending on property values: an empirical study of tax capitalization and the Tiebout hypothesis.” J. of Pol. Economy 77 (November-December): 957–971.Google Scholar
Pack, H. and Pack, J. (1978) “Metropolitan fragmentation and suburban homogeneity.” Urban Studies 14: 191–201.Google Scholar
Tiebout, C. M. (1956) “A pure theory of local expenditures.” J. of Pol. Economy: 416–424.Google Scholar
Ward, D. (1971) Cities and Immigrants: A Geography of Change in Nineteenth Century America. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Warner, S. B. Jr., (1968) The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of its Growth. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Warner, S. B. Jr., (1962) Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston 1870-1900. Cambridge MA: Joint Center for Urban Studies.Google Scholar