Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-2l2gl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T19:57:01.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Trace Fossils and Benthic Oxygenation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2017

Charles E. Savrda
Charles E. Savrda*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5305
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The general theme of this chapter is the relationships between trace fossils and benthic oxygen availability in marine environments. Discussion is organized into three sections, which correspond to related yet distinct approaches to the analysis of ichnofossil/oxygen relationships.

Type
Research Article
Information
Short Courses in Paleontology , Volume 5: Trace Fossils , 1992 , pp. 172 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aller, R.C. 1982. The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties of marine sediment and overlying water, p. 53–102. In McCall, P.L. and Tevesz, M.J.S., eds., Animal-Sediment Relations. Topics in Geobiology, Volume 2. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archer, A.W., and Maples, C.G. 1984. Trace fossil distribution across a marine-to-nonmarine gradient in the Pennsylvanian of southwestern Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 58:448–466.Google Scholar
Berger, W.H., Ekdale, A.A., and Bryant, P.F. 1979. Selective preservation of burrows in deep-sea carbonates. Marine Geology, 32:205–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, W.B.N., and Wilde, P. 1978. Progressive ventilation of the oceans—an explanation for the distribution of the lower Paleozoic black shales. American Journal of Science, 278:257–275.Google Scholar
Bottjer, D.J., and Ausich, W.I. 1986. Phanerozoic development of tiering in soft substrata suspension-feeding communities. Paleobiology, 12:400–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bottjer, D.J., and Savrda, C.E. in press. Oxygen-related mudrock biofacies. Sedimentology Review.Google Scholar
Bottjer, D.J., Droser, M.L., and Jablonski, D. 1988. Paleoenvironmental trends in the history of trace fossils. Nature, 333:252–255.Google Scholar
Bromley, R.G. 1980. Enhancement of visibility of structures in marly chalk: modification of the Bushinsky oil technique. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 29:111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromley, R.G. 1990. Trace Fossils—Biology and Taphonomy. Unwin-Hyman, London, 280 p.Google Scholar
Bromley, R.G., and Ekdale, A.A. 1984. Chondrites: a trace fossil indicator of anoxia in sediments. Science, 224:872–874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bromley, R.G., and Ekdale, A.A. 1986. Composite ichnofabrics and tiering in burrows. Geological Magazine, 123:59–65.Google Scholar
Burton, B.R., and Link, P.K. 1991. Ichnology of fine-grained mixed carbonate-siliciclastic turbidites, Wood River Formation, Pennsylvanian-Permian, south-central Idaho. Palaios, 6:291–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullen, D.J. 1973. Bioturbation of superficial marine sediments by interstitial meiobenthos. Nature, 242:323–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamberlain, C.K. 1970. Recognition of trace fossils in cores, p. 119–166. In Basan, P.B., ed., Trace fossil concepts. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course Notes 5.Google Scholar
Ekdale, A.A. 1977. Abyssal trace fossils in worldwide Deep Sea Drilling Project cores, p. 163–182. In Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C., eds., Trace Fossils II, Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Ekdale, A.A. 1985a. Paleoecology of the marine endobenthos. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 50:63–81.Google Scholar
Ekdale, A.A. 1985b. Trace fossils and mid-Cretaceous anoxic events in the Atlantic Ocean, p. 333–342. In Curran, H.A., ed., Biogenic structures: their use in interpreting depositional environments. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 35.Google Scholar
Ekdale, A.A., and Bromley, R.G. 1983. Trace fossils and ichnofabric in the Kjolby Gaard marl, uppermost Cretaceous, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 31:107–119.Google Scholar
Ekdale, A.A., and Bromley, R.G. 1991. Analysis of composite ichnofabrics: an example in uppermost Cretaceous chalk of Denmark. Palaios, 6:232–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekdale, A.A., and Pemberton, S.G. 1984. Ichnology. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course Notes 15, 317p.Google Scholar
Ekdale, A.A., and Lewis, D.W. 1991. The New Zealand Zoophycos revisited: morphology, ethology, and paleoecology. Ichnos, 1:183–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekdale, A.A., and Mason, T.R. 1988. Characteristic trace-fossil associations in oxygen-poor sedimentary environments. Geology, 16:720–723.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekdale, A.A., and Mason, T.R. 1989. Reply on “Characteristic trace-fossil associations in oxygen-poor sedimentary environments.” Geology, 17:674–675.Google Scholar
Erba, E., and Premoli-Silva, I. in press. Orbitally driven cycles in trace fossil distribution from the Piobbico core (late Albian, central Italy). In de Boer, P.L. and Smith, D.G., eds., Orbital forcing and cyclic sequences. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication.Google Scholar
Ferguson, L. 1965. A note on the emplacement of sediment in the trace-fossil Chondrites , Geological Society of London, Proceedings, 1622:79–82.Google Scholar
Frey, R.W. 1970. Trace fossils of Fort Hays Limestone Member of Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous), west-central Kansas. University of Kansas, Paleontological Contributions No. 53, 41 p.Google Scholar
Frey, R.W. 1975. The realm of ichnology, its strengths and limitations, p. 13–38. In Frey, R.W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils, Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frey, R.W., and Bromley, R.G. 1985. Ichnology of American chalks: the Selma Group (Upper Cretaceous), western Alabama. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22:801–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallam, A. 1975. Preservation of trace fossils, p. 55–63. In Frey, R.W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Häntzschel, W. 1975. Trace fossils and problematica. In Teichert, C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, W, 2nd Edition. Geological Society of America and Kansas University Press, Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas, 269 p.Google Scholar
Jordan, D.W. 1985. Trace fossils and depositional environments of Upper Devonian black shales, east-central Kentucky, U.S.A., p. 279–298. In Curran, H.A., ed., Biogenic structures: their use in interpreting depositional environments. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 35.Google Scholar
Kotake, N. 1989. Paleoecology of the Zoophycos producers. Lethaia, 22:327–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leszczynski, S. 1991. Oxygen-related controls on predepositional ichnofacies in turbidites, Guipuzcoan Flysch (Albian-Lower Eocene), northern Spain. Palaios, 6:271–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maples, C.G. 1986. Enhanced paleoecological and paleoenvironmental interpretations result from analysis of early diagenetic concretions in Pennsylvanian shales. Palaios, 1:512–516.Google Scholar
McBride, E.F., and Picard, M.D. 1991. Facies implications of Trichichnus and Chondrites in turbidites and hemipelagites, Marnoso-arenacea Formation (Miocene), northern Apennines, Italy. Palaios, 6:281–290.Google Scholar
Miller, M.F. 1991. Morphology and Paleoenvironmental distribution of Paleozoic Spirophyton and Zoophycos: implications for the Zoophycos ichnofacies. Palaios, 6:410–425.Google Scholar
Miller, M.F., and Johnson, K.G. 1981. Spirophyton in alluvial-tidal facies of the Catskill deltaic complex: possible biological control of ichnofossil distribution: Journal of Paleontology, 55:1016–1027.Google Scholar
Osgood, R.G. 1970. Trace fossils of the Cincinnati area. Palaeontographica America, 6(41):281–444.Google Scholar
Osgood, R.G. 1975. The paleontological significance of trace fossils, p. 87–108. In Frey, R.W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, T.H., and Rosenberg, R. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review, 16:229–311.Google Scholar
Rhoads, D.C. 1975. The paleoecological and paleoenvironmental significance of trace fossils, p. 147–160. In Frey, R.W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Rhoads, D.C., and Boyer, L.F. 1982. The effects of marine benthos on physical properties of sediments: a successional perspective, p. 3–52. In McCall, P.L. and Tevesz, J.C., eds., Animal-Sediment Relations. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Romero-Wetzel, M.B. 1987. Sipunculans as inhabitants of very deep, narrow burrows in deep-sea sediments. Marine Biology, 96:87–91.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E. 1991. Ichnology in sequence stratigraphic studies: an example from the Lower Paleocene of Alabama. Palaios, 6:39–53.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E. In press. Character and implications of bioturbated oxygenation event beds in the Ohio Shale (Kentucky). Proceedings, 1991 Eastern Oil Shales Symposium.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Bottjer, D.J. 1986. Trace fossil model for reconstruction of paleo-oxygenation in bottom waters. Geology, 14:3–6.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Bottjer, D.J. 1987. Trace fossils as indicators of bottom-water redox conditions in ancient marine environments, p. 3–26. In Bottjer, D.J., ed., New concepts in the use of biogenic sedimentary structures for paleoenvironmental interpretation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Volume and Guidebook 52.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Bottjer, D.J. 1989a. Trace fossil model for reconstructing oxygenation histories of ancient marine bottom waters: application to Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Colorado. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 74:49–74.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Bottjer, D.J. 1989b. Anatomy and implications of bioturbated beds in “black shale” sequences: examples from the Posidonienschiefer (southern Germany). Palaios, 4:330–342.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Bottjer, D.J. 1991. Oxygen-related biofacies in marine strata: an overview and update, p. 201–219. In Tyson, R.V and Pearson, T.H., eds., Modern and ancient continental shelf anoxia. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 58.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Bottjer, D.J. in press. Ichnofossils and ichnofabrics in rhythmically bedded pelagic/hemipelagic carbonates: recognition and evaluation of benthic redox and scour cycles. In de Boer, P.L. and Smith, D.G., eds., Orbital forcing and cyclic sequences. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Gorsline, D.S. 1984. Development of a comprehensive, oxygen-deficient marine biofacies model: evidence from Santa Monica, San Pedro, and Santa Barbara Basins, California Continental Borderland. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 68:1179–1192.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Gorsline, D.S. 1985. An image enhancing oil technique for friable, diatomaceous rocks. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 55:604–605.Google Scholar
Savrda, C.E., and Seilacher, A. 1991. Redox-related benthic events, p. 524–541. In Einsele, G., Ricken, W., and Seilacher, A., eds., Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A. 1953. Studien zur Palichnologie. I. Uber die Methoden der Palichnologie. Neues Jarhbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 96:421–452.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A. 1957. An-aktualistiches Wattenmeer? Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 31:198–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seilacher, A. 1970. Use of trace fossils for recognizing depositional environments, p. 167–181. In Basan, P.B., ed., Trace fossil concepts. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course Notes 5.Google Scholar
Simpson, S. 1957. On the trace fossil Chondrites . Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, 112:475–499.Google Scholar
Simpson, S. 1970. Notes on Zoophycos and Spirophyton , p. 505–514. In Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C., eds., Trace Fossils. Geological Journal Special Issue 3. Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Thayer, C.W. 1979. Biological bulldozing and the evolution of marine benthic communities. Science, 203:458–461.Google Scholar
Thayer, C.W. 1983. Sediment-mediated biological disturbance and the evolution of marine benthos, p. 475–625. In Tevesz, M.J.S. and McCall, P.L., eds., Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Vossler, S.M., and Pemberton, S.G. 1989. Superabundant Chondrites: a response to storm buried organic matter?. Lethaia, 21:94.Google Scholar
Weaver, P.P.E., and Schultheiss, P.J. 1983. Vertical open burrows in deep-sea sediments 2 m in length. Nature, 301:329–331.Google Scholar
Wetzel, A. 1983. Biogenic sedimentary structures in a modern upwelling regime: northwest Africa, p. 123–144. In Thiede, J. and Suess, E., eds., Coastal Upwelling and its Sediment Record, Part B, Sedimentary Records of Ancient Coastal Upwelling. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Wetzel, A. 1991. Ecologic interpretation of deep-sea trace fossil communities. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 85:47–69.Google Scholar
Wetzel, A., and Werner, F. 1981. Morphology and ecological significance of Zoophycos in deep-sea sediments off NW Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 32:185–212.Google Scholar
Wheatcroft, R.A. 1989. Comment on “Characteristic trace-fossil associations in oxygen-poor sedimentary environments.” Geology, 17:674.Google Scholar
Young, F.G. 1972. Early Cambrian and older trace fossils from the southern Cordillera of Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:1–17.Google Scholar