Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-m9pkr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T16:14:33.696Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Germination-related proteins in wheat revealed by differences in seed vigour

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

P. A. Guy  and
M. Black
P. A. Guy
Affiliation:
Division of Life Sciences, King's College, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, UK
M. Black*
Affiliation:
Division of Life Sciences, King's College, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, UK
*
*Correspondence +44 171 333 4500michael.black@kcl.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Artificial aging of wheat grains (Triticum aestivum cv. Mercia) for 3 d resulted in the gradual loss of seed vigour without loss of viability, but the latter decreased rapidly over the next 24 h. Loss of vigour was expressed as a delay in germination i.e. an increasing ‘lag’ period with aging before the onset of radicle emergence, but the subsequent rate of seedling growth was not affected. There was an overall decrease in the incorporation of 35S-methionine into protein in aged embryos, and associated with the aging-induced delay in the completion of germination (i.e. start of radicle emergence) there was a delay in the production of certain polypeptides. In embryos of both non-aged and aged seeds these polypeptides appeared just prior to radicle emergence but several of these were never synthesized in embryos from non-viable seeds. The synthesis of mRNA coding for in vitro translated polypeptides, or groups of polypeptides, was similarly delayed in lowvigour embryos. Furthermore, some polypeptides were identified which were induced by the accelerated aging treatment. It is concluded that a reduced level of protein and mRNA synthesis in the embryos of low-vigour seeds may result in the delay in the accumulation of specific of mRNAs and polypeptides which are needed for the normal completion of germination, i.e. radicle emergence.

Keywords

germinationprotein synthesisseed agingseed vigourtranslationTriticum
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 1998 , pp. 99 - 112
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, J D and Abdul-Baki, A A (1971) Glucose metabolism of embryos and endosperms from deteriorating barley and wheat seeds. Plant Physiology 48, 270–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blowers, L E, Stormonth, D A and Bray, C M (1980) Nucleic acid and protein synthesis and loss of vigour in germinating wheat embryos. Planta 150, 19–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blowers, L E, Stormonth, D A and Bray, C M (1985) Protein synthesis and loss of vigour in germinating wheat embryos. Plant Science Letters 35, 257–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradford, M M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bray, C M and Smith, C A D (1985) Stored polyadenylated RNA and loss of vigour in germinating wheat embryos. Plant Science 38, 71–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheah, K S E and Osborne, D J (1978) DNA lesions occur with loss of viability in embryos of aging rye seed. Nature (London) 272, 593–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheung, C P and Suhadolnik, R J (1978) Regulation of RNA synthesis in early germination of isolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos. Nature (London) 271, 357–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheung, C P, Wu, J and Suhadolnik, R J (1979) Dependence of protein synthesis on RNA synthesis during the early hours of germination of wheat embryos. Nature (London) 277, 66–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuming, A C and Lane, B G (1978) Wheat embryo ribonucleates. XI. Conserved mRNA in dry wheat embryos and its relation to protein synthesis during early germination. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 56, 365–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuming, A C and Lane, B G (1979) Protein synthesis in imbibing wheat embryos. European Journal of Biochemistry 99, 217–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Das, G and Sen-Mandi, S (1988) Root formation in deteriorated (aged) wheat embryos. Plant Physiology 88, 983–986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dell'Aquila, A and Tritto, V (1991) Germination and biochemical activities in wheat seeds following delayed harvesting, aging and osmotic priming. Seed Science and Technology 19, 73–82.Google Scholar
Dell'Aquila, A and Bewley, J D (1989) Protein synthesis in the axes of polyethylene glycol-treated pea seed and during subsequent germination. Journal of Experimental Botany 40, 1001–1007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delseny, M, Aspart, L and Guitton, Y (1977) Disappearance of stored polyadenylic acid and mRNA during early germination of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) embryo axis. Planta 135, 125–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobrzańska, M, Tomaszewski, M, Grzelczak, Z, Rejman, E and Buchowicz, J (1973) Cascade activation of genome transcription in wheat. Nature (London) 244, 507–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elder, R H, Dell'Aquila, A, Messina, M, Sarasin, A and Osborne, D J (1987) DNA ligase in repair and replication in the embryos of rye, Secale cereale. Mutation Research 181, 61–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujikura, Y and Karssen, C M (1992) Effects of controlled deterioration and osmopriming on protein synthesis of cauliflower seeds during early germination. Seed Science Research 2, 23–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujikura, Y and Karssen, C M (1995) Molecular studies on osmoprimed seeds of cauliflower: a partial amino acid sequence of a vigour-related protein and osmopriming-enhanced expression of a putative aspartic acid protease. Seed Science Research 5, 177–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gidrol, X, Noubhani, A and Pradet, A (1990) Biochemical changes induced by accelerated aging in sunflower seeds II. RNA populations and protein synthesis. Physiologia Plantarum 80, 598–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J C (1982) Use of proteolytic inhibitors during isolation of plastid proteins. pp 1093–1101in Edelman, M, Hallick, R B, Chua, N.-H. (Eds) Methods in chloroplast molecular biology. Elsevier Biomedical.Google Scholar
Harris, B and Dure III, L (1978) Developmental regulation in cotton seed germination: Polyadenylation of stored messenger RNA. Biochemistry 17, 3250–3256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helm, K W and Abernethy, R H (1990) Heat shock proteins and their mRNAs in dry and early imbibing embryos of wheat. Plant Physiology 93, 1626–1633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helm, K W, Peterson, N S and Abernethy, R H (1989) Heat shock response of germinating embryos of wheat. Plant Physiology 90, 598–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koshiba, T, Tomura, H and Miura, M (1986) Changes in mRNA of Vigna mungo cotyledons during seed germination. Plant and Cell Physiology 27, 1069–1080.Google Scholar
Lane, B G and Kennedy, D T (1981) Comparative study of levels of secondary processing in bulk mRNA from dry and germinating wheat embryos. European Journal of Biochemistry 114, 457–463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livesley, M A and Bray, C M (1991) The effects of aging upon alpha amylase production and protein synthesis by wheat aleurone layers. Annals of Botany 68, 69–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mans, R and Novelli, G D (1961) Measurement of the incorporation of radioactive amino-acids into protein by a filter-paper disk method. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 94, 48–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noodén, L C and Leopold, A C (1988) (Eds). Senescence and aging in plants. New York, Academic Press Inc.Google Scholar
O'Farrell, P H (1975) High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 250, 4007–4021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osborne, D J (1983) Biochemical control systems operating in the early hours of germination. Canadian Journal of Botany 61, 3568–3577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborne, D J, Dell'Aquila, A and Elder, R H (1984) DNA repair in plant cells. An essential event of early embryo germination in seeds. Folia Biologica 30 (special publication), 155–169.Google ScholarPubMed
Pramanik, S K, Reynolds, T L, Malsaac, S A and Bewley, J D (1993) Rapid and efficient purification of seed messenger RNA without phenol: chloroform extraction. Seed Science Research 3, 137–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ram, C and Weisner, L E (1988) Effects of artificial aging on physiological and biochemical parameters of seed quality in wheat. Seed Science and Technology 16, 579–587.Google Scholar
Roberts, B E, Payne, P I and Osborne, D J (1973) Protein synthesis and rye grains: loss of activity of proteinsynthesizing systems in vitro associated with a loss of viability. Biochemical Journal 131, 275–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, E H (1988) Seed aging: The genome and its expression. pp 465–498in L.D. Noodén, L D, Leopold, A C (Eds) Senescence and aging in plants. New York, Academic Press Inc.Google Scholar
Rushton, P J and Bray, C M (1987) Stored and de novo synthesized polyadenylated RNA and loss of vigour and viability in wheat seed. Plant Science 51, 51–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sambrook, J, Fritsch, E F and Maniatis, T (1989) Molecular cloning. A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, 2nd edition.Google Scholar
Sanchez de Jimenez, E and Aquilar, R (1984) Protein synthesis patterns. Relevance of old and new messenger RNA in germinating maize embryos. Plant Physiology 75, 231–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, S, Payne, P I and Osborne, D J (1975) Early ribonucleic acid synthesis during the germination of rye (Secale cereale) embryos and the relationship to early protein synthesis. Biochemical Journal 148, 381–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, C A D and Bray, C M (1982) Intracellular levels of polyadenylated RNA and loss of vigour in germinating wheat embryos. Planta 156, 413–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C A D and Bray, C M (1984) Polyadenylated RNA levels and macromolecular synthesis during loss of seed vigour. Plant Science Letters 34, 335–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C A D, Rushton, P and Bray, C M (1986) Polyadenylated RNA metabolism and loss of vigour and viability in germinating wheat embryos. Physiologia Plantarum 67, 310–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiegel, S and Marcus, A (1975) Polyribosome formation in early wheat embryo germination independent of either transcription or polyadenylation. Nature (London) 256, 228–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiegel, S, Obendorf, R L and Marcus, A (1975) Transcription of ribosomal and messenger RNAs in early wheat embryo germination. Plant Physiology 56, 502–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, E W and Lane, B G (1980) Relation of protein synthesis in imbibing wheat embryos to the cell-free translation capacities of bulk mRNA from dry and imbibing embryos. Journal of Biological Chemistry 255, 5965–5970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar