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Genetic engineering with α-amylase inhibitors makes seeds resistant to bruchids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Maarten J. Chrispeels ,
M. Fatima Grossi de Sa  and
T. J. V. Higgins
Maarten J. Chrispeels*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
M. Fatima Grossi de Sa
Affiliation:
Cenargen/EMBRAPA, PO Box 10.2372, Brasilia DF, 70770, Brazil
T. J. V. Higgins
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
*
*+1-619-534-4052mchrispeels@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Seeds of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, contain two inhibitors of mammalian and insect α-amylases (αAls) that show specificity towards the amylases of different insect species. Expression in pea (Pisum sativum) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis) of a chimeric gene consisting of the cDNA of bean αAl-1 and a seed-specific promoter makes the seeds of these legumes resistant to three species of Old World bruchids whose amylases are inhibited by αAl-1. This was the first successful genetic engineering of insect resistance in seeds. To understand the basis of the specificity between amylases and inhibitors we cloned a second bean inhibitor (αAl-2) with different specificity, and we cloned the cDNA of the New World bruchid, Zabrotes subfasciatus. The amylase of this bruchid is inhibited by αAl-2, but not by αAl-1. Knowledge of the amino acid sequences and of the three-dimensional structure of the pancreatic α-amylase–αAl-1 complex allows us to predict the peptide domains and amino acids of the proteins that are important for protein–protein recognition and inhibition of enzyme activity.

Keywords

amylaseamylase inhibitorsbruchidsgenetic engineeringinsect resistance
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 1998 , pp. 257 - 264
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

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