No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Calcium channel antagonists – pharmacological differences and their clinical relevance to elderly patients
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 November 2008
Abstract
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Clinical geriatrics
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996
References
1Catterall, WA. Structure and function of voltage sensitive ion channels. Science 1988; 242: 50–61.Google Scholar
2Rampe, D, Su, CM, Yousif, F, Triggle, DJ. Calcium channel antagonists: pharmacological considerations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 20: 2475–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Katz, AM, Hager, WD, Messineo, FC, Pappano, AJ. Cellular actions and pharmacology of the calcium channel blocking drugs. Am J Med 1984; 77 (2B) 2–10.Google Scholar
4Gould, BA, Hornung, RS, Mann, S et al. Slow channel inhibitors verapamil and nifedipine in the management of hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1982; 4: S369–73.Google Scholar
5Kurnik, PB, Tifennbrunn, AJ, Ludbrook, PA. The dependence of the cardiac effects of nifedipine on the responses of the peripheral vascular system. Circulation 1984; 69: 963–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Robertson, DRC, Walker, DC, Renwick, AG, George, CF. Age-related changes in the pharamcokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 25: 297–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Takenaka, T, Asano, M, Shiono, K, Shibaski, M, Inagaki, O. Cardiovascular pharmacology of nicardipine in animals. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 20: 7S–22S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Welzel, D, Burger, KJ, Weidinger, G. Calcium antagonists as first line antihypertensive agents: a placebocontrolled comparative trial of isradipine and nifedipine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15 (suppl 1): S70–74.Google Scholar
9Rofman, BA. Long-term evaluation of amlodipine versus hydroclorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12 (suppl 7): S98–102.Google Scholar
10 Nimodipine for delayed cerebral ischaemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Drug Ther Bull 1992; 21: 81–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Woelfel, A, Foster, JR, McAllister, RG et al. Efficacy of verapamil in exercise induced ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56: 292–97.Google Scholar
12Schwartz, JB. Aging alters verapamil elimination and dynamics: single dose-steady state responses. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 255: 364–73.Google Scholar
13Schwartz, JB, Capili, H, Daugherty, J. Aging of women alters S-verapamil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 55: 509–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Chaffman, M, Brogden, RN. Diltiazem: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1985; 29: 387–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Kelly, JG, O'Malley, K. Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium antagonists. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992; 22: 416–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Schwartz, JB, Capili, H, Wainer, IW. Verapamil stereoisomers during racemic verapamil administration. Effects of aging and comparisons of administration to individual stereoisomers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 56: 368–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Wynne, H, Cope, L, Mutch, E, Rawlins, MD, Woodhouse, KW, James, OFW. The effect of age upon liver size and liver blood flow in man. Hepatology 1989; 9: 297–301.Google Scholar
18Roberts, SJ, Bateman, DN. The use of nitrates, calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors in primary care in the Northern Region: a pharmaco-epidemiological study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 38: 489–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Medical Research Council Working Party. MRC trial of hypertension in elderly adults: principal results. BMJ 1992; 304: 405–12.Google Scholar
20SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke in antihypertensive drug treatment in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–84.Google Scholar
21Dahlof, B, Lindholm, LH, Hanson, L, Sherson, B, Ekbom, T, Webster, PO. Mortality and morbidity in the Swedish trial of old patients with hypertension (STOP-hypertension). Lancet 1991; 338: 1281–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Buhler, FR, Boli, P, Erne, P et al. Position of calcium antagonists in antihypertensive therapy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1985; 7: 21–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Vestal, RE, Wood, AJJ, Shand, DG. Reduced beta-adrenoreceptor sensitivity in the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979; 26: 181–86.Google Scholar
24Chalmers, JP, Smith, SA, Wing, LMH. Hypertension in the elderly, the role of calcium antagonists. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12 (suppl 8): S147–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Forette, F, Bellet, M, Henry, JF et al. Effect of nicardipine in elderly hypertensive patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 20: 125–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Findlay, IN, MacLeod, K, Gillen, G et al. Treatment of angina pectoris with nifedipine and atenolol: efficacy and effect on cardiac function. Br Heart J 1987; 57: 336–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Findlay, IN, MacLeod, K, Gillen, G et al. A double blind placebo controlled comparison of verapamil, atenolol and their combination in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. Br Heart J 1986; 55: 240–45.Google Scholar
28Watson, SD, Harris, F. Diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil: their effects in patients with stable angina. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66: 779–85.Google Scholar
29Akhras, F, Jackson, G. Efficacy of nifedipine and isosorbide mononitrate in combination with atenolol in stable angina. Lancet 1991; 228: 1036–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Nolan, L, O'Malley, K. Prescribing for the elderly: Part 1. Sensitivity of the elderly to adverse drug reactions. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 142–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Williams, BO, Caird, FI, Lennox, IM. Haemodynamic response to postural stress in the elderly with and without postural hypotension. Age Ageing 1985; 14: 193–201.Google Scholar
32Pringle, SD, McEwan, CJ. Severe bradycardia due to interaction of timolol eye drops and verapamil. BMJ 1987; 294: 155–56.Google Scholar
33Staffurth, JS, Emery, P. Adverse interaction between nifedipine and beta blockade [Letter]. BMJ 1981 282: 225.Google Scholar
34Le Jeunne, C, Hugues, FC, Munera, Y, Ozanne, H. Dizziness in the elderly and calcium channel blockers. Biomed Pharmacother 1991; 45: 3–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Ramoska, EA, Spiller, HA, Myers, A. Calcium channel blocker toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19: 649–53.Google Scholar
36Sever, P, Beevers, G, Bulpitt, C et al. Management guidelines in essential hypertension: report of the second working party of the British Hypertension Society. BMJ 1993; 306: 983–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed