Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T11:34:15.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

History of the Modern Middle East

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2016

James Jankowski
James Jankowski*
Affiliation:
University of Colorado
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The syllabi on modern Middle Eastern history courses submitted by members of MESA were, not unnaturally, varied in general approach, in time span and in area covered. There were certain common elements, however, within the framework of which this syllabus has largely remained. Four such congruences were most important:

  1. 1) the use of a chronological rather than a topical or problems approach in teaching the history of the modern Middle East (while particular topics or problems were often isolated within a particular time period, all of the syllabi submitted used a chronological framework);

  2. 2) a general tendency to begin with a brief survey of the medieval history of the Middle East before beginning intensive treatment at the beginning of the nineteenth century;

  3. 3) an emphasis on internal development and modernization rather than on political-diplomatic history;

  4. 4) the frequent use of reading assignments (a chapter from one work, a number of pages from another) from a variety of semi-specialized or monographic works rather than reliance on one or more texts or readers.

Type
Research Article
Information
Review of Middle East Studies , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , May 1970 , pp. 20 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Middle East Studies Association of North America 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AAAbdel-Malek, Anouar, Egypt; Military Society (Random House, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
ABJaber, K. S. Abu, The Arab Ba’th Socialist Party: History, Ideology, and Organization (Syracuse U. P., 1966).Google Scholar
ACAbu-Lughod, Ibrahim, Arab Rediscovery of Europe (Princeton U.P., 1963).Google Scholar
ADAdamec, Ludwig W., Afghanistan, 1900–1923 A Diplomatic History (California U.P., 1967).Google Scholar
AEAdams, Charles C., Islam and Modernism in Egypt (Russell & Russell reprint, 1968).Google Scholar
AFAhmad, Feroz, The Young Turks : The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908–1914(Oxford, 1969).Google Scholar
AGAhmad, Jamal M., The Intellectual Origins of Egyptian Nationalism (Oxford, 1960).Google Scholar
AHAnderson, M. S., The Eastern Question, 1774–1923 (St. Martin’s, 1966). PGoogle Scholar
AIGeorge Antonius, M. S., The Arab Awakening (Capricorn Paper, 1965) PGoogle Scholar
AJArmajani, Yahya, Middle East: Past and Present (Prentice-Hall, 1970).Google Scholar
AKAvery, Peter, Modern Iran (Praeger, 1965). PGoogle Scholar
BABaer, Gabriel, A History of Landownership in Modern Egypt, 1800–1950 (Oxford, 1962).Google Scholar
BBBaer, Gabriel, Studies in the Social History of Modern Egypt (Chicago U.P., 1969).Google Scholar
BCBalfour, Patrick, Baron Kinross, Ataturk (Morrow, 1965).Google Scholar
BDBanani, Amin, The Modernization of Iran, 1921–1941 (Stanford U.P., 1961)Google Scholar
BEBarbour, Nevill, A Survey of Northwest Africa (the Maghrib), second ed: Oxford, 1962).Google Scholar
BFBentwich, Norman, Israel Resurgent (Praeger, 1960)Google Scholar
BGBerger, Earl, The Covenant and the Sword: Arab-Israeli Relations 1948–1956 (Toronto U.P., 1965).Google Scholar
BHBerkes, Niyazi, The Development of Secularism in Turkey (McGill U.P., 1964)Google Scholar
BIBernard, Stephane, The Franco-Moroccan Conflict, 1943–1956 (Yale, 1968).Google Scholar
BJBerque, Jacques, French North Africa: The Maghrib Between Two World Wars (Praeger, 1967).Google Scholar
BKBinder, Leonard, The Ideological Revolution in the Middle East (Wiley, 1964)Google Scholar
BLBodman, H. L., Political Factions in Aleppo, 1760–1826 (North Carolina U.P., 1963). PGoogle Scholar
BMBrace, Richard, Morocco – Algeria – Tunisia (Prentice-Hall, 1964).PGoogle Scholar
BNBrown, L. C., ed., State and Society in Independent North Africa (The Middle East Institute, 1966)Google Scholar
BOBrown, L. C., The Surest Path: The Political Treatise of a Nineteenth Century Muslim Statesman (Harvard, 1967). PGoogle Scholar
BRBrowne, E. G., The Persian Revolution of 1905–1909 (Barnes and Noble reprint, 1966).Google Scholar
BSBusch, Briton C., Britain and the Persian Gulf, 1894–1914(California U.P., 1967)Google Scholar
CAChilders, Erskine, The Road to Suez (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1962).Google Scholar
CBCollins, Robert O. and Tignor, Robert L., Egypt and the Sudan (Prentice-Hall, 1967). PGoogle Scholar
CCConfer, Vincent, France and Algeria: The Problem of Civil and Political Reform, 1870–1920(Syracuse U.P., 1966).Google Scholar
CD RichardCottam, W., Nationalism in Iran (Pittsburgh U.P., 1964). PGoogle Scholar
CECragg, Kenneth, Counsels in Contemporary Islam (Edingurgh U.P., 1965)Google Scholar
DADann, Uriel, Iraq Under Qassem: A Political History, 1958–1963 (Praeger, 1969)Google Scholar
DBDavis, Helen Miller, ed., Constitutions, Electoral Laws, and Treaties of the States in the Near and Middle East (Duke U.P. 1953).Google Scholar
DCDavison, Roderic H., Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856–1876 (Princeton U.P., 1963)Google Scholar
DDDavison, Roderic H., Turkey (Prentice-Hall, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
DEDevereux, Robert, The First Ottoman Constitutional Period (Johns Hopkins Press, 1963).Google Scholar
DFDodwell, Henry H., The Founder of Modern Egypt : A Study of Muhammad Ali (Cambridge U.P. reprint, 1967).Google Scholar
EAMallakh, Ragaei El, Economic Development and Regional Cooperation: Kuwait (Chicago U.P., 1968).Google Scholar
EBEisenstadt, S. N., Israeli Society (Basic Books, 1967).Google Scholar
FAFanon, Frantz, A Dying Colonialism (Grove Press, 1967). PGoogle Scholar
FBFein, Leonard J., Israel: Politics and People (Little, Brown, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
FCFisher, S.N., The Middle East: A History (second ed.: Knopf, 1969).Google Scholar
FDFisher, S. N., ed., The Military in the Middle East: Problems in Society and Government (Ohio State U.P., 1963).Google Scholar
FEFisher, S. N., ed., Social Forces in the Middle East (Cornell U. P., 1955).Google Scholar
FFFraser-Tytler, W. K., Afghanistan: A Study of Political Developments in Central and Southern Asia (third ed: Oxford 1967).Google Scholar
FGFrey, Frederick W., The Turkish Political Elite (M.I.T. Press, 1965).Google Scholar
GAGallagher, Charles F., The United States and North Africa (Harvard, 1963).Google Scholar
GBGibb, H.A.R. and Bowen, Harold, Islamic Society and the West: A Study of the Impact of Western Civilization on Moslem Culture in the Near East, one volume in two parts (Oxford 1950, 1957).Google Scholar
GCGibb, H.A.R., Modern Trends in Islam (Chicago U.P., 1947).Google Scholar
GDGordon, David C., The Passing of French Algeria (Oxford, 1966)Google Scholar
GEGray, Richard, A History of the Southern Sudan, 1839–1889 (Oxford, 1961)Google Scholar
GFGregorian, Vartan, The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan: Politics of Reform and Modernization, 1880–1946 (Stanford U.P. 1969).Google Scholar
GGGriffiths, John, Afghanistan (Praeger, 1967).Google Scholar
GHGrunebaum, E. G. von, Modern Islam (Vintage, 1964). PGoogle Scholar
HAHaim, Sylvia G., Arab Nationalism: An Anthology (California U.P., 1962). PGoogle Scholar
HBHalpern, Ben, The Idea of the Jewish State (second ed. : Harvard, 1969).Google Scholar
HCHalpern, Manfred, The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa (Princeton U.P., 1963). PGoogle Scholar
HDHalstead, John P., Rebirth of a Nation: The Origins and Rise of Moroccan Nationalism 1912–1944 (Harvard, 1967). PGoogle Scholar
HEHarik, Iliya F., Politics and Change in a Traditional Society: Lebanon, 1711–1845 (Princeton U.P., 1968).Google Scholar
HFHarris, Christina P., Nationalism and Revolution in Egypt (The Hague: Mouton, 1964).Google Scholar
HGHenderson, K. D. D., Sudan Republic (Praeger, 1965).Google Scholar
HHHerold, J. Christopher, Bonaparte in Egypt (Harper & Row, 1962).Google Scholar
HIHershlag, Z. Y., Introduction to the Modern Economic History of the Middle East (Brill, 1964).Google Scholar
HJHeyworth-Dunne, James, Introduction to the History of Education in Modern Egypt (Cass reprint, 1968).Google Scholar
HKHill, Richard, Egypt in the Sudan, 1820–1881 (Oxford, 1959).Google Scholar
HLHolden, David, Farewell to Arabia (Walker, 1966).Google Scholar
HMHolt, P. M., Egypt and the Fertile Crescent, 1516–1922 A Political History (Cornell U.P., 1966). PGoogle Scholar
HNHolt, P. M., The Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1881–1898 (Oxford, 1958).Google Scholar
HOHolt, P. M., A Modern History of the Sudan (Praeger, 1963).Google Scholar
HPHolt, P. M., ed., Political and Social Change in Modern Egypt (Oxford, 1968).Google Scholar
HRHourani, Albert, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939 (1962)Google Scholar
HSHourani, Albert, Syria and Lebanon: A Political Essay (Oxford, 1946).Google Scholar
HTHourani, Albert, A Vision of History: Near Eastern and Other Essays (Khayat’s, 1961).Google Scholar
HUHurewitz, Jacob C., Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East : A Documentary Record, two volumes (Van Nostrand, 1956).Google Scholar
HVHurewitz, Jacob C., Middle Eastern Politics: The Military Dimension (Praeger, 1968).Google Scholar
HWHurewitz, Jacob C., The Struggle for Palestine (Norton, 1950).Google Scholar
IAIssawi, Charles, ed., The Economic History of the Middle East, 1800–1914 A Book of Readings (Chicago U.P., 1966).Google Scholar
IBIssawi, Charles and Yeganah, Mohammed, The Economics of Middle Eastern Oil (Praeger, 1962).Google Scholar
ICIssawi, Charles, Egypt at Midcentury (Oxford, 1954).Google Scholar
IDIssawi, Charles, Egypt in Revolution (Oxford, 1963).Google Scholar
KAKarpat, Kemal H., ed., Political and Social Thought in the Contemporary Middle East (Praeger, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
KBKarpat, Kemal H., Turkey’s Politics (Princeton U.P., 1959).Google Scholar
KCKeddie, Nikki R., An Islamic Response to Imperialism: Political Writings of Sayyid Jamal al-Din “al-Afghani”. (California U.P., 1968).Google Scholar
KDKeddie, Nikki R., Religion and Rebellion in Iran: The Iranian Tobacco Protest of 1891–1892 (Cass, 1966).Google Scholar
KEKedourie, Elie, Afghani and Abduh: An Essay on Religious Unbelief and Political Activism in Modern Islam (Cass, 1966).Google Scholar
KFKedourie, Elie, England and the Middle East: The Destruction of the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1921 (Bowes & Bowes, 1956).Google Scholar
KGKelly, J. B., Britain and the Persian Gulf, 1795–1880 (Oxford, 1968).Google Scholar
KHKerr, Malcolm, The Arab Cold War, 1958–1967 (second ed.: Oxford, 1967). PGoogle Scholar
KIKerr, Malcolm, Islamic Reform (California U.P., 1966).Google Scholar
KJKhadduri, Majid, Independent Iraq from 1932 to 1958 (Oxford, 1960)Google Scholar
KKKhadduri, Majid, Modern Libya (Johns Hopkins, 1963).Google Scholar
KLKhalil, Muhammad, The Arab States and the Arab League, two vol. (Khayat’s, 1962).Google Scholar
KMKhouri, Fred J., The Arab-Israel Dilemma (Syracuse U.P., 1968). PGoogle Scholar
KNKirk, George, Contemporary Arab Politics (Praeger, 1961). PGoogle Scholar
KOKirk, George, The Middle East in the War, vol. II of the Survey Of International Affairs, 1939–1946 (Oxford, 1952).Google Scholar
KPKirk, George, The Middle East, 1945–1950, vol. V of the Survey of International Affairs, 1939–1946 (Oxford, 1954).Google Scholar
KQKirk, George, A Short History of the Middle East (seventh ed.: Praeger, 1964). PGoogle Scholar
LAJean, and Lacouture, Simonne, Egypt in Transition (Criterion Books, 1958).Google Scholar
LBLambton, Ann K. S., Landlord and Peasant in Persia (Oxford, 1953).Google Scholar
LCLambton, Ann K. S., The Persian Land Reform, 1962–1966 (Oxford, 1969).Google Scholar
LDLandau, Jacob M., The Arabs in Israel: A Political Study (Oxford, 1968).Google Scholar
LELanden, Robert G., Oman Since 1856: Disruptive Modernization in a Traditional Arab Society (Princeton U.P., 1967).Google Scholar
LFLandes, David S., Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt (London: Heinemann, 1958). PGoogle Scholar
LGLangiey, Kathleen M., The industrialization of Iraq (Harvard, 1961). PGoogle Scholar
LHLaqueur, Walter Z., Communism and Nationalism in the Middle East (second ed : Praeger, 1957).Google Scholar
LILaqueur, Walter Z., ed., The Israel-Arab Reader (Bantam, 1969). PGoogle Scholar
LJLaqueur, Walter Z., The Road to Jerusalem: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1967 (Macmillan, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
LKLaqueur, Walter Z., The Soviet Union and the Middle East (Praeger, 1959).Google Scholar
LLLenczowski, George, The Middle East in World Affairs (third ed.: Cornell U.P., 1962).Google Scholar
LMLenczowski, George, Oil and State in the Middle East (Cornell U.P., 1960).Google Scholar
LNLenczowski, GEorge, Russia and the West in Iran, 1918–1948 (Cornell U.P., 1949).Google Scholar
LOLewis, Bernard, The Emergence of Modern Turkey (second ed.: Oxford, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
LPLewis, Bernard, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire (Oklahoma U.P., 1963).Google Scholar
LQLewis, Bernard, The Middle East and the West (Harper Torchbooks, 1964). PGoogle Scholar
LRLing, Dwight L., Tunisia: From Protectorate to Republic (Indiana U.P.: 1967).Google Scholar
LSLittle, Tom, Modern Egypt (Praeger, 1967).Google Scholar
LTLittle, Tom, South Arabia: Arena of Conflict (Praeger, 1968).Google Scholar
LULongrigg, Stephen H., Four Centuries of Modern Iraq (Gregg reprint, 1968).Google Scholar
LVLongrigg, Stephen H., Iraq, 1900–1950 (Oxford, 1953).Google Scholar
LWLongrigg, Stephen H., Oil in the Middle East (third ed.: Oxford, 1968).Google Scholar
LXLongrigg, Stephen H., Syria and Lebanon Under the French Mandate (Oxford, 1958).Google Scholar
LYal-Sayyid, Afaf Lutfi, Egypt and Cromer (Praeger, 1969).Google Scholar
MAMacro, Eric, Yemen and the Western World, 1571–1964 (Praeger, 1968).Google Scholar
MBMansfield, Peter, Nasser’s Egypt (second ed.: Penguin, 1969).Google Scholar
MCMa’oz, Moshe, Ottoman Reform in Syria and Palestine 1840–1861 (Oxford, 1968)Google Scholar
MDAl-Marayati, Abid, Middle Eastern Constitutions and Electoral Laws (Praeger, 1968).Google Scholar
MEMardin, Serif, The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought (Princeton U.P., 1962).Google Scholar
MFMarlowe, John, A History of Modern and Anglo-Egyptian Relations, 1800–1956 (second ed.: Archon Books, 1965).Google Scholar
MGMicaud, Charles A., with Brown, Leon Carl and Moore, Clement Henry, Tunisia: The Politics of Modernization (Praeger, 1964).Google Scholar
MHMitchell, Richard P., The Society of the Muslim Brothers (Oxford, 1969).Google Scholar
MIMonroe, Elizabeth, Britain’s Moment in the Middle East, 1914–1956 (Chatto & Windus, 1963).Google Scholar
MJThe Muslim World, A Historical Survey: Part III, The Last Great Muslim Empires (Brill, 1969).Google Scholar
NANevakivi, Jukka, Britain, France, and the Arab Middle East, 1914–1920 (London: Athlone Press, 1969).Google Scholar
NBNolte, Richard, ed., The Modern Middle East (Atherton, 1963).Google Scholar
OAO’Brien, Patrick, The Revolution in Egypt’s Economic System: From Private Enterprise to Socialism, 1952–1965 (Oxford, 1966).Google Scholar
OBOwen, E. R. J., Cotton and the Egyptian Economy, 1820–1914(Oxford, 1968).Google Scholar
PAPatai, Raphael, The Kingdom of Jordan (Princeton U.P., 1958).Google Scholar
PBPeretz, Don, Israel and the Palestine Arabs (The Middle East Institute, 1958).Google Scholar
PCPeretz, Don, The Middle East Today (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964).Google Scholar
PDPhilby, Harry St. John B., Saudi Arabia (Praeger, 1955).Google Scholar
PEPhillips, Wendell, Oman: A History (London: Reynal & Co., 1967).Google Scholar
PFPolk, William R., Stamler, David M., and Asfour, Edmund, Backdrop to Tragedy: The Struggle for Palestine (Beacon, 1957).Google Scholar
PGPolk, William R. and Chambers, Richard L., eds., Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: The Nineteenth Century (Chicago U.P., 1968).Google Scholar
PHPolk, William R., The Opening of South Lebanon, 1788–1840(Harvard, 1963).Google Scholar
PIPolk, William R., The United States and the Arab World (second ed.: Harvard, 1969).Google Scholar
RARafeq, Abdul Karim, The Province of Damascus, 1723–1783 (Khayat’s, 1966).Google Scholar
RBRamazani, Rouhollah K., The Northern Tier: Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey (Van Nostrand, 1966). PGoogle Scholar
RCRamsaur, Ernest E., The Young Turks (Princeton U.P., 1957).Google Scholar
RDRivlin, Benjamin and Szyliosicz, Joseph S., eds., The Contemporary Middle East: Tradition and Innovation (Random House, 1965).Google Scholar
RERivlin, Helen A. B., The Agricultural Policies of Muhammad ‘Ali in Egypt (Harvard, 1961).Google Scholar
RFRodinson, Maxime, Israel and the Arabs (Pantheon, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
RGRondot, Pierre, The Changing Patterns of the Middle East (Praeger, 1961).Google Scholar
RHRosenthal, Edwin, Islam in the Modern National State (Cambridge U.P., 1965).Google Scholar
SASachar, Howard M., The Birth of the Middle East, 1914–1924 (Knopf, 1969).Google Scholar
SBSafran, Nadav, Egypt in Search of Political Community (Harvard, 1961).Google Scholar
SCSafran, Nadav, From War to War: The Arab-Israeli Confrontation, 1948–1967 (Pegasus, 1969). PGoogle Scholar
SDSafran, Nadav, The United States and Israel (Harvard, 1963).Google Scholar
SESalibi, K. S., The Modern History of the Lebanon (Praeger, 1965).Google Scholar
SFSaunders, John J., The Muslim World on the Eve of Europe’s Expansion (Prentice-Hall, 1966). PGoogle Scholar
SGSchmidt, Dana Adams, Yemen: The Unknown War (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1968).Google Scholar
SHSeale, Patrick, The Struggle for Syria: A Study of Post-War Arab Politics, 1945–1958 (Oxford, 1965).Google Scholar
SISharabi, Hisham, Governments and Politics of the Middle East in the Twentieth Century (Van Nostrand, 1962).Google Scholar
SJSharabi, Hisham, Nationalism and Revolution in the Arab World (Van Nostrand, 1966). PGoogle Scholar
SKShaw, Stanford J., Ottoman Egypt in the Age of the French Revolution (Harvard, 1964). pGoogle Scholar
SLShaw, Stanford J., Ottoman Egypt in the Eighteenth Century: The Nizamname i Misir of Cezzar Ahmed Pasha (Harvard, 1962). PGoogle Scholar
SMSmith, W. Cantwell, Islam in Modern History (Princeton U.P., 1957). PGoogle Scholar
SNSpencer, William, Political Evolution in the Middle East (Lippincott, 1962Google Scholar
SOStavrianos, L. S., The Balkans Since 1453 (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1958).Google Scholar
SPStewart, Charles F., The Economy of Morocco, 1912–1962 (Harvard, 1964). PGoogle Scholar
SQStock, Ernest, Israel on the Road to Sinai, 1949–1956 (Cornell U.P., 1967).Google Scholar
SRSuleiman, Michael, Political Parties in Lebanon (Cornell U.P., 1967).Google Scholar
SSSykes, Christopher, Cross Roads to Israel (London: Collins, 1965).Google Scholar
TAThomas, Hugh, Suez (Harper Torchbooks, 1967). PGoogle Scholar
TBTignor, Robert L., Modernization and British Colonial Rule in Egypt, 1882–1914(Princeton U.P.: 1966).Google Scholar
TCTorrey, Gordon H., Syrian Politics and the Military, 1945–1958 (Ohio State U.P.: 1964).Google Scholar
TDTrumpener, Ulrich, Germany and the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1918 (Princeton U.P.: 1968).Google Scholar
UAUpton, Joseph M., The History of Modern Iran: An Interpretation (Harvard, 1960). PGoogle Scholar
VAVatikiotis, P.J., The Egyptian Army in Politics (Indiana U. P., 1961).Google Scholar
VBVatikiotis, P. J., The Modern History of Egypt (Praeger, 1969).Google Scholar
VCVatikiotis, P. J., Politics and the Military”in Jordan, 1921–1957 (Praeger, 1967).Google Scholar
VDVucinich, Wayne, The Ottoman Empire: Its Record and Legacy (Van Nostrand, 1965). PGoogle Scholar
WAWard, Robert E. and Rustow, Dankwart A., Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton U. P., 1964). PGoogle Scholar
WBWeiker, Walter F., The Turkish Revolution, 1960–1961 (The Brookings Institution, 1963). PGoogle Scholar
WCWenner, Manfred W., Modern Yemen, 1918–1966 (Johns Hopkins, 1967).Google Scholar
WDWilber, Donald N., Iran: Past and Present (sixth ed.: Princeton U. P., 1967).Google Scholar
WEWilliams, Ann, Britain and France in the Middle East and North Africa (St. Martin’s, 1968). PGoogle Scholar
WFWinder, R. Bayly, Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century (St. Martin’s, 1965).Google Scholar
YAYale, William, The Near East (second ed.: Michigan U.P., 1968).Google Scholar
ZAZabih, Sepehr, The Communist” Movement in Iran (California U.P., 1966).Google Scholar
ZBZartman, I. William, Government and Politics in Northern Africa (Praeger, 1963). PGoogle Scholar
ZCZartman, I. William, Problems of New Power : Morocco (Atherton, 1964).Google Scholar
ZDZeine, Zeine N., The Emergence of Arab Nationalism (second edition Arab-Turkish Relations and the Emergence of Arab Nationalism, Khayat’s, 1966).Google Scholar
ZEZeine, Zeine N., The Struggle for Arab Independence: Western Diplomacy and the Rise and Fall of Faisal’s Kingdom in Syria (Khayat’s, 1960).Google Scholar
ZFZiadeh, Nicola A., Sanusiyah: A Study of a Revivalist Movement in Islam (Brill, 1958).Google Scholar