Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T11:25:42.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Oedipal Narratives and the Exilic Ovid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2014

Andrew D. Walker*
Affiliation:
University of Southern California
Get access

Extract

‘…we think [for example] of the word writing (schreiben) and immediately before us we have the image of two men, one man carrying the other on his back…’

So wrote G. Schubert in his study of dream symbolism (Die Symbolik des Traumes) published in 1814—one of many works of dream theory that served as a resource for Freud, whose magnum opusThe Interpretation of Dreams—would appear at the turn of the century. Schubert offers the example of the nonsensical association of the word ‘writing’ with the image of two men (‘one carrying the other on his back’) in an effort to argue a thesis later challenged by the work of Freud: that a ‘daytime language of words’ exists independent of, and unaffected by, a ‘nighttime language of dreams’. Read nearly a century after Freud, the passage is ironic, as Neil Hertz has observed, largely because Schubert's exemplary ‘nonsensical’ combination of word and image is richly suggestive of one of the principal concerns of poststructuralist psychoanalysis: how writing is a process of bearing the burden of the past and shouldering the father, an (oedipal) narrative of the son coming to terms with paternal authority: ‘The weight of the older man's body, the pressure of his will give substance to the voiced word…[w]riting, Freud would have us say, is Oedipal, a coming to terms with the Father, a shouldering of the burden of the past.’

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Aureal Publications 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Schubert, Gotthilf Heinrich, Die Symbolik des Traumes (1814Google Scholar), tr. and quoted by Hertz, N. in his ‘Foreword’ to Sigmund Freud: Writings on Art and Literature (Stanford 1997), ix–xGoogle Scholar.

2. Hertz (n.l above), x.

3. See Walker, A., ‘Lucan’s Legends of the Fall’, Ramus 25 (1996), 65–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4. Conte, G.B., Latin Literature: A History, tr. Solodow, J. B. (Baltimore 1994Google Scholar; orig. publ. 1987), 355.

5. Newlands, Carole, ‘The Role of the Book in Tristia 3.1’, Ramus 26 (1997), 57–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6. On the motif of the oculus mentis, see Nagle, BR., The Poetics of Exile: Program and Polemic in the Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto of Ovid (Brussels 1980), 92–100Google Scholar.

7. For clinical material on the ‘clarity of visual memories of lost people’ experienced by the bereaved, see Parkes, Colin Murray, Bereavement: Studies of Grief in Adult Life 2 (Madison CT 1986), 77–95Google Scholar.

8. Naficy, Hamid, The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles (Minneapolis 1993), 132Google Scholar.

9. The oedipal character of this passage is noted by Brown, Norman O., ‘Rome—A Psycho-analytical Study’, Arethusa 7 (1974), 97Google Scholar.

10. Naficy (n.8 above), 132.

11. Claassen, Jo-Marie, ‘Ovid’s Wavering Identity: Personification and Depersonalisation in the Exilic Poems’, Latomus 49 (1990), 102–16Google Scholar.

12. Freud, S., ‘Beyond the Pleasure Principle’ (1920), in Strachey, James (ed.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud Vol. 18 (London 1955), 15Google Scholar.

13. Freud (n.l2 above), 15.

14. See Bellamy, Elizabeth J., Translations of Power: Narcissism and the Unconscious in Epic History (Ithaca 1992), 65Google Scholar.

15. See Nagle (n.6 above, 22–32) for a collection of passages relevant to the ‘exile as death’ motif.

16. See Nagle (n.6 above), 22 n.10.

17. For the concept of ‘self-elegy’, see Ramazani, Jahan, Poetry of Mourning: The Modern Elegy from Hardy to Heaney (Chicago 1994), 383 n.42Google Scholar.

18. Brooks, Peter, ‘Freud’s Masterplot’, in Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative (Cambridge MA 1982), 96Google Scholar.

19. Brooks (n.l8 above), 95.

20. Brooks (n.l8 above), 96.

21. As Green, Peter notes (Ovid: The Poems of Exile [New York 1994], 208Google Scholar: ‘[Ovid] emphasises, with good reason, his desperate procrastination…[T]ime dominates this poem.’

22. On Ovid’s ‘symbolic wavering between departure and remaining’ on the threshold, see Evans, Harry B., Publico Carmina: Ovid’s Books from Exile (Lincoln 1983), 37Google Scholar.

23. For further discussion of Tr. 3.9, see Ellen Oliensis, ‘Return to Sender: The Rhetoric of Nomina in Ovid’s Tristia’ (pp.172–93 above, at 186–90) and the references there cited.

24. For the ‘role of the eye in establishing…authority over space…[as] a fundamental characteristic of Western thinking’, see Spurr, David, The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration (Durham NC 1993), 25Google Scholar.

25. See esp. Tr. 5.1.69f. and other texts related to this topic as discussed by Rosenmeyer, P.A., ‘Ovid’s Heroides and Tristia: Voices from Exile’, Ramus 26 (1997), 42fCrossRefGoogle Scholar.

26. Kristeva, Julia, Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia, tr. Roudiez, Leon S. (New York 1989Google Scholar; orig. publ. 1987), 53.

27. Williams, G.D., Banished Voices: Readings in Ovid’s Exile Poetry (Cambridge 1994), 50–99Google Scholar.

28. Discussed in brief by Rosenmeyer (n.25 above), 41.

29. Brooks (n.18 above), 1l0f.

30. Brooks (n.18 above), 108.

31. Naficy (n.8 above), 148.

32. Stewart, Susan, On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection (Durham NC 1993; orig. publ. 1984), 24Google Scholar.

33. Naficy (n.8 above), 147.