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A Review of the Radiocarbon Dates for the Afanasyevo Culture (Central Asia): Shifting Towards the “Shorter” Chronology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2018

Andrey V Poliakov Open the ORCID record for Andrey V Poliakov [Opens in a new window] ,
Svetlana V Svyatko  and
Nadezhda F Stepanova
Andrey V Poliakov
Affiliation:
Russian Academy of Sciences – Institute for the History of the Material Culture Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Svetlana V Svyatko*
Affiliation:
Queen’s University Belfast Ringgold standard institution – 14Chrono Centre for Climate, the Environment, and Chronology, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Nadezhda F Stepanova
Affiliation:
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
*
*Corresponding author. Email: s.svyatko@qub.ac.uk.
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Abstract

This article provides a summary and in-depth analysis of all existing radiocarbon (14C) dates for the Afanasyevo Culture of the Paleometal period. The previous “long” chronology of the culture was widely criticized and contradicted many archaeological observations. The exceedingly wide ranges of the liquid scintillation counting (LSC) dates from bone samples produced in several laboratories and the systematically older ages for the wood/charcoal samples finally reveal the shortcomings of the conventional “long” chronology. From accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), the Afanasyevo burials of the Altai are dated to the 31st–29th century BC, whereas those of the Middle Yenisei Region to the 29th–25th century BC, which confirms the relatively earlier age of the Altai monuments. The “short” chronology removes the incompatibility of deriving the Afanasyevo Culture from the Yamnaya Culture, which previously appeared “younger” than the Afanasyevo, and also contradictions with the archaeological data. It also explains the small number of sites, the small size of the cemeteries and the lack of the internal periodization. We can now clearly move, from the earlier understanding that the Afanasyevo chronology is too broad, towards a different perception. The new AMS dates only represent a “core” for the Afanasyevo chronology, which cannot be narrowed down, but could be slightly expanded over time.

Keywords

Afanasyevo CultureAltaiMinusinsk Basinold wood effectPaleometal periodradiocarbon chronology
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 61 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 243 - 263
Copyright
© 2018 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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