Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T12:20:54.170Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

AMS Radiocarbon Dates from Prehispanic Fortifications in the Huaura Valley, Central Coast of Perú

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2016

Margaret Brown Vega ,
Nathan M Craig ,
Brendan J Culleton ,
Douglas J Kennett  and
Gerbert Asencios Lindo
Margaret Brown Vega*
Affiliation:
1Department of Anthropology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, USA
Nathan M Craig
Affiliation:
2Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
Brendan J Culleton
Affiliation:
2Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
Douglas J Kennett
Affiliation:
2Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
Gerbert Asencios Lindo
Affiliation:
3Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
*
Corresponding author. Email: brownvm@ipfw.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper, we report 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from 8 Prehispanic fortifications located in the Huaura Valley, central coast of Perú. Small fragments of organic material embedded in preserved mud mortar in architecture, and samples from construction layers exposed by looter's holes were used to date architectural features without undertaking extensive excavations. These dates contribute toward refining the chronology of fort building in the valley, and provide a test for assumptions about temporal change and architectural style. The results indicate that fortifications date to at least 3 periods. These data provide a starting point for exploring the occurrence of warfare through time on a regional scale.

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 55 , Issue 1 , 2013 , pp. 1 - 12
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Al-Bashaireh, K, Hodgins, GWL. 2011. AMS 14C dating of organic inclusions of plaster and mortar from different structures at Petra-Jordan. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(3):485–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, MW. 2008. Hillforts and the cycling of Maori chiefdoms: Do good fences make good neighbors? In: Railey, JA, Reycraft, RM, editors. Global Perspectives on Collapse of Complex Systems. Albuquerque: Maxwell Museum of Anthropology. p 65–81.Google Scholar
Arkush, EN, Stanish, C. 2005. Interpreting conflict in the ancient Andes. Current Anthropology 46(1):3–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkush, EN. 2006. Collapse, conflict, conquest: the transformation of warfare in the Late Prehispanic Andean Highlands. In: Arkush, EN, Allen, MW, editors. The Archaeology of Warfare: Prehistories of Raiding and Conquest. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. p 286–335.Google Scholar
Arkush, EN. 2011. Hillforts of the Ancient Andes: Colla Warfare, Society, and Landscape. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braje, TJ, Erlandson, JM, Rick, TC. 2005. Reassessing human settlement on the south coast of San Miguel Island, California: the use of 14C dating as a reconnaissance tool. Radiocarbon 47(1):11–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C. 2009. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51(1):337–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown Vega, M. 2008. War and social life in Prehispanic Perú: ritual, defense, and communities at the fortress of Acaray, Huaura Valley [PhD dissertation]. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Brown Vega, M. 2009. Conflict in the Early Horizon and Late Intermediate Period: new dates from the fortress of Acaray, Huaura Valley, Perú. Current Anthropology 50(2):255–6.Google Scholar
Brown Vega, M. 2010. Regional patterns of fortification and single forts: evaluating the articulation of regional sociopolitical dynamics with localized phenomena. In: Cutright, R, Hurtado Lopez, E, Martin, A, editors. Comparative Perspectives on the Archaeology of Coastal South America. Pittsburgh: Center for Comparative Archaeology, University of Pittsburgh; Quito: Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Lima: Ministerio de Cultura del Ecuador. p 169–8.Google Scholar
Brown Vega, M, Craig, N, Asencios Lindo, G. 2011. Ground truthing of remotely identified fortifications on the central coast of Perú. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(7):1680–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamussy, V. 2009. Les débuts de la guerre institutionnalisée dans l'Aire Andine Centrale: versla formation de l'État, du Format if à la Période Intermédiaire Ancienne. BAR International Series 2017. Oxford: Archacopress.Google Scholar
Covey, RA. 2008. Multircgional perspectives on the archaeology of the Andes during the Late Intermediate period (c. A.D. 1000–1400). Journal of Archaeological Research 16(3):287–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daggett, R. 1987. Towards the development of the state on the north central coast of Peru. In: Haas, J, Pozorski, S, Pozorski, T, editors. The Origins and Development of the Andean State. New York: Cambridge University Press. p 70–82.Google Scholar
Erlandson, JM, Moss, ML. 1999. The systematic use of radiocarbon dating in archaeological surveys in coastal and other crosional environments. American Antiquity 64(3):431–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, JS. 2008. Explaining fortifications in Indo-Pacific prehistory. Archaeology in Oceania 43:1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, JS, Lape, PV. 2010. Palcoclimates and the emergence of fortifications in the tropical Pacific Islands. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29(1):113–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghezzi, I. 2006. Religious warfare at Chankillo. In: Isbcll, W, Silverman, H, editors. Andean Archaeology III: North and South. New York: Springer. p 67–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghezzi, I. 2007. La naturaleza de la guerra prehispánica temprana: la perspectiva desde Chankillo. Revista Andina 44:199–226.Google Scholar
Ghezzi, I, Ruggles, C. 2007. Chankillo: a 2300-year-old solar observatory in coastal Peru. Science 315(5816):1239–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giersz, M, Prązdka, P. 2009. Cronología cultural y patrones de asentamiento prehispánico en el Valle del Río Culebras, costa norcentral del Perú. ARKEOS: Revista Electrónica de Arqueología PUCP 4(11):1–40.Google Scholar
Guilderson, TP, Reimer, PJ, Brown, TA. 2005. The boon and banc of radiocarbon dating. Science 307(5708):362–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeley, LH, Fontana, M, Quick, R. 2007. Baffles and bastions: the universal features of fortifications. Journal of Archaeological Research 15(1):55–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennett, DJ, Ingram, BL, Southon, JR, Wise, K. 2002. Differences in 14C age between stratigraphically associated charcoal and marine shell from the Archaic period site of Kilometer 4, southern Peru: old wood or old water? Radiocarbon 44(1):53–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennett, DJ, Anderson, A, Prebble, M, Conte, E, Southon, J. 2006. Prehistoric human impacts on Rapa, French Polynesia. Antiquity 80(308):340–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennett, DJ, Culleton, BJ, Anderson, A, Southon, J. 2012. A Bayesian AMS 14C chronology for the colonization and fortification of Rapa. In: Anderson, A, Kennett, DJ, editors. Taking the High Ground: The Archaeology of Rapa, a Fortified Island in Remote East Polynesia. Terra Australis: Australia National University Press.Google Scholar
Malainey, ME. 2011. A Consumer's Guide to Archaeological Science: Analytical Techniques. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martindale, A, Supernant, K. 2009. Quantifying the defensiveness of defended sites on the northwest coast of North America. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 28(2):191–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathews, JP. 2001. Radiocarbon dating of architectural mortar: a case study in the Maya region, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 28(3–4):395–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormac, FG, Hogg, AG, Blackwell, PG, Buck, CE, Higham, TFG, Reimer, PJ. 2004. SHCal04 Southern Hemisphere calibration 0–11.0 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46(3):1087–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzel, D. 1977. The Archaeology of Ancient Peru and the Work of Max Uhle. Berkeley: R H Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California.Google Scholar
Nelson, K, Craig, N, Perales, M. 2010. Piecing together the middle: the Middle Horizon in the Norte Chico. In: Jennings, JD, editor. Beyond Wari Walls. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p 171–8.Google Scholar
Ogburn, DE. 2012. Reconceiving the chronology of Inca imperial expansion. Radiocarbon 54(2):219–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkinson, WA, Duffy, PR. 2007. Fortifications and enclosures in European prehistory: a cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Archaeological Research 15(2):97–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, JR, Hastings, CM. 1988. The Late Intermediate Period. In: Keatinge, RW, editor. Peruvian Prehistory: An Overview of Pre-Inca and Inca Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 190–229.Google Scholar
Proulx, DA. 1985. An Analysis of the Early Cultural Sequence in the Nepeña Valley, Peru. Amherst: Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Rech, JA. 2004. New uses for old laboratory techniques. Near Eastern Archaeology 67(4):212–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rech, JA, Fischer, AA, Edwards, DR, Jull, AJT. 2003. Direct dating of plaster and mortar using AMS radiocarbon: a pilot project from Khirbet Qana, Israel. Antiquity 77(295):155–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz Estrada, A. 1999. Tesoros arqueológicos de Huacho. Hoyos, I, editor. Huacho: Ediciones Didacta.Google Scholar
Santos, GM, Southon, JR, Druffel-Rodriguez, K, Griffin, S, Mazon, M. 2004. Magnesium perchlorate as an alternative water trap in AMS graphite sample preparation: a report on sample preparation at the KCCAMS facility at the University of California, Irvine. Radiocarbon 46(1):165–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, GM, Southon, JR, Griffin, S, Beaupre, SR, Druffel, ERM. 2007. Ultra small-mass AMS 14C sample preparation and analyses at KCCAMS/UCI Facility. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 259(1):293–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaepe, DM. 2006. Rock fortifications: archaeological insights into pre-contact warfare and sociopolitical organization among the Stó:lo of the Lower Fraser River Canyon, B.C. American Antiquity 71(4):671–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shady Solís, R, Ruiz Estrada, A. 1979. Evidence for interregional relationships during the Middle Horizon on the north-central coast of Peru. American Antiquity 44(4):676–8.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Reimer, PJ, Reimer, RW. 2005. CALIB 5.0 Radiocarbon Calibration [WWW software and documentation]. URL: http://calib.qub.ac.uk/calib/.Google Scholar
Topic, JR, Topic, TL. 1987. The archaeological investigation of Andean militarism: some cautionary observations. In: Haas, J, Pozorski, T, Pozorski, S, editors. The Origins and Development of the Andean State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 47–55.Google Scholar
Tung, TA. 2007. Trauma and violence in the Wari Empire of the Peruvian Andes: warfare, raids, and ritual fights. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 133:941–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, DJ. 1983. The origins and development of complex Prehispanic society in the Lower Santa Valley, Peru: implications for theories of state origins. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2(3):209–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, DJ. 1987. Reconstructing patterns of early warfare in the Lower Santa Valley: new data on the role of conflict in the origins of complex north coast society. In: Haas, J, Pozorski, S, Pozorski, T, editors. Origins and Development of the Andean State. New York: Cambridge University Press. p 56–69.Google Scholar
Wilson, DJ. 1988. Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the Lower Santa Valley, Peru: A Regional Perspective on the Origins and Development of Complex North Coast Society. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Wyrwa, AM, Goslar, T, Czernik, J. 2009. AMS 14C dating of Romanesque rotunda and stone buildings of a Medieval monastery in Łekno, Poland. Radiocarbon 51(2):471–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar