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Greatlakean Substage: A Replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Edward B. Evenson ,
William R. Farrand ,
Donald F. Eschman ,
David M. Mickelson  and
Louis J. Maher
Edward B. Evenson
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 USA
William R. Farrand
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 USA
Donald F. Eschman
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
David M. Mickelson
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
Louis J. Maher
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
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Abstract

New evidence from recent field and seismic investigations in the Lake Michigan basin and in the type areas of the Valders, Two Creeks and Two Rivers deposits necessitates revision of late-glacial ice-front positions, rock- and time-stratigraphic nomenclature and climatic interpretations and deglaciation patterns for the period ca. 14,000–7,000 radiocarbon years B.P. The previously reported and long accepted pattern of deglaciation for the Lake Michigan basin started with a regular retreat from the Lake Border Morainic System, with a minor oscillation marked by the Port Huron moraine(s) and then an extensive Twocreekan deglaciation followed by a major (320 km) post-Twocreekan advance (Valders). However, we now record a major retreat between the times of the Lake Border and Port Huron moraines, followed by a gradual retreat from the Port Huron limit and interrupted by a minor standstill (deposition of Manitowoc Till), a retreat (Twocreekan) and a readvance (Two Rivers Till). No Woodfordian or younger readvance was as extensive as had been the preceding one. This sequence argues for a normal, climatically controlled, progressive deglaciation rather than one interrupted by a major post-Twocreekan (formerly Valderan) surge. This revision appears finally to harmonize the geologic evidence and the palynological record for the Great Lakes region. Our investigations show that Valders Till from which the Valderan Substage was named is late-Woodfordian in age. We propose the term “Greatlakean” as a replacement for the now misleading time-stratigraphic term “Valderan”. The type section and the definition of the upper and lower boundaries of the Greatlakean Substage remain the same as those originally proposed for the Valderan Substage but the name is changed.

Type
Book Reviews
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , September 1976 , pp. 411 - 424
Copyright
University of Washington

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