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Evidence of NAO control on subsurface ice accumulation in a 1200 yr old cave-ice sequence, St. Livres ice cave, Switzerland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Markus Stoffel ,
Marc Luetscher ,
Michelle Bollschweiler  and
Frédéric Schlatter
Markus Stoffel*
Affiliation:
Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Group (C3i), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Site de Batelle, chemin de Drize 7, CH-1227 Carouge-Geneva, Switzerland Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology (Dendrolab.ch), Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Berne, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland Department of Geosciences, Geography, University of Fribourg, chemin du Musée 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Marc Luetscher
Affiliation:
Geology and Paleontology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Swiss Institute for Speleology and Karst Studies (SISKA), P.O. Box 818, CH-2301 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
Michelle Bollschweiler
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology (Dendrolab.ch), Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Berne, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland Department of Geosciences, Geography, University of Fribourg, chemin du Musée 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Frédéric Schlatter
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Geography, University of Fribourg, chemin du Musée 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
*
⁎Corresponding author. Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Group (C3i), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Site de Batelle, chemin de Drize 7, CH-1227 Carouge-Geneva, Switzerland.

E-mail address:markus.stoffel@unifr.ch (M. Stoffel).

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Abstract

Mid-latitude ice caves are assumed to be highly sensitive to climatic changes and thus represent a potentially interesting environmental archive. Establishing a precise chronology is, however, a prerequisite for the understanding of processes driving the cave-ice mass balance and thus allows a paleoenvironmental interpretation. At St. Livres ice cave (Jura Mountains, Switzerland), subfossil trees and organic material are abundant in the cave-ice deposit, therefore allowing the dating of individual ice layers. The dendrochronological analysis of 45 subfossil samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from the overhanging front of the ice outcrop as well as the dating of seven wood samples with 14C dating allowed for a reconstruction of the St. Livres cave-ice sequence and for the determination of periods of ice accumulation and ablation. Results suggest a maximal age of 1200 ± 50 14C yr BP for the observed ice sequence and indicate the presence of four major deposition gaps dated to the 14th, 15th, mid-19th and late 19th century, which can be related with periods of positive North Atlantic Oscillation anomalies (NAO+) over the winter half-year and/or anthropogenic cave-ice abstraction. Similarly, there is evidence that periods of cave-ice accumulation as observed between AD 1877–1900 and AD 1393–1415 would correspond with phases of negative NAO indices. Cave ice represents therefore an original climate archive for the winter half-year and is complementary to other continental proxies recording preferentially summer conditions (e.g., tree rings, varves).

Keywords

Cave iceSporadic permafrostDendrochronologyRadiocarbon datingNorth Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)Picea abies (L.) Karst.
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , July 2009 , pp. 16 - 26
Copyright
University of Washington

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