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Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in material and life sciences: putting theory into practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2015

Niklas Lorén ,
Joel Hagman ,
Jenny K. Jonasson ,
Hendrik Deschout ,
Diana Bernin ,
Francesca Cella-Zanacchi ,
Alberto Diaspro ,
James G. McNally ,
Marcel Ameloot  and
Nick Smisdom
...Show all authors
Niklas Lorén*
Affiliation:
SP Food and Bioscience, PO 5401, SE-402 29, Göteborg, Sweden
Joel Hagman
Affiliation:
SP Food and Bioscience, PO 5401, SE-402 29, Göteborg, Sweden
Jenny K. Jonasson
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
Hendrik Deschout
Affiliation:
Biophotonic Imaging Group, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Diana Bernin
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
Francesca Cella-Zanacchi
Affiliation:
Nanophysics Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
Alberto Diaspro
Affiliation:
Nanophysics Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
James G. McNally
Affiliation:
Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz Center Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
Marcel Ameloot
Affiliation:
Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
Nick Smisdom
Affiliation:
Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
Magnus Nydén
Affiliation:
Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Anne-Marie Hermansson
Affiliation:
SP Food and Bioscience, PO 5401, SE-402 29, Göteborg, Sweden Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
Mats Rudemo
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
Kevin Braeckmans
Affiliation:
Biophotonic Imaging Group, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
*
*Author for correspondence: N. Lorén, Structure and Material Design, SP Food and Bioscience, PO 5401, SE-402 29, Göteborg, Sweden. Tel: +46 10 516 6614; Fax: +46 31 83 37 82; Email: niklas.loren@sp.se
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Abstract

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a versatile tool for determining diffusion and interaction/binding properties in biological and material sciences. An understanding of the mechanisms controlling the diffusion requires a deep understanding of structure–interaction–diffusion relationships. In cell biology, for instance, this applies to the movement of proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. In industrial applications related to pharmaceutics, foods, textiles, hygiene products and cosmetics, the diffusion of solutes and solvent molecules contributes strongly to the properties and functionality of the final product. All these systems are heterogeneous, and accurate quantification of the mass transport processes at the local level is therefore essential to the understanding of the properties of soft (bio)materials. FRAP is a commonly used fluorescence microscopy-based technique to determine local molecular transport at the micrometer scale. A brief high-intensity laser pulse is locally applied to the sample, causing substantial photobleaching of the fluorescent molecules within the illuminated area. This causes a local concentration gradient of fluorescent molecules, leading to diffusional influx of intact fluorophores from the local surroundings into the bleached area. Quantitative information on the molecular transport can be extracted from the time evolution of the fluorescence recovery in the bleached area using a suitable model. A multitude of FRAP models has been developed over the years, each based on specific assumptions. This makes it challenging for the non-specialist to decide which model is best suited for a particular application. Furthermore, there are many subtleties in performing accurate FRAP experiments. For these reasons, this review aims to provide an extensive tutorial covering the essential theoretical and practical aspects so as to enable accurate quantitative FRAP experiments for molecular transport measurements in soft (bio)materials.

Type
Review Article
Information
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , August 2015 , pp. 323 - 387
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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