Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-11T17:18:17.162Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Brightness Temperature Constraints to Compact Synchrotron Source Radiation Obtained from IDV and VLBI Observations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

K. I. Kellermann*
Affiliation:
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; kkellerm@nrao.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We discuss the observational and theoretical constraints on the brightness temperature of compact opaque synchrotron sources. We consider the implication of observed apparent velocities on the amount of Doppler boosting and compare this with values deduced from directly measured brightness temperatures from ground and space based VLBI observations, as well as the implications of intraday variability. We also discuss the maximum rest frame brightness temperature expected under conditions of both inverse Compton cooling and equipartition conditions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of Australia 2002

References

Aharonian, F. A. 2001, preprint (astro-ph/0106037)Google Scholar
Begelman, M. C., Rees, M. J., & Sikora, M. 1994, ApJ, 429, L5 Google Scholar
Bekefi, G., & Brown, S. C. 1961, AmJPh, 29, 404 Google Scholar
Benford, G. 1992, ApJ, 391, L59 Google Scholar
Benford, G., & Lesch, H. 1998, MNRAS, 301, 414 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benford, G., & Tzach, D. 2000, MNRAS, 317, 497 Google Scholar
Blandford, R., & Konigl, A. 1979, ApJ, 232, 34 Google Scholar
Blandford, R., & Rees, M. 1974, MNRAS, 169, 395 Google Scholar
Bridle, A. 1967, Obs, 87, 263 Google Scholar
Burbidge, G. 1959, ApJ, 129, 849 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, M., et al. 1971, ApJ, 170, 207 Google Scholar
Cohen, M. H., et al. 1977, Nature, 268, 405 Google Scholar
Colgate, S. A. 1967, ApJ, 150, 163 Google Scholar
Coppi, P., Blandford, R. D., & Rees, M. J. 1993, MNRAS, 262, 603 Google Scholar
Dennett-Thorpe, J., & de Bruyn, A. G. 2000, ApJ, 529, L65 Google Scholar
Dent, W. 1965, Science, 148, 1458 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekers, R., & Laing, H. 1990, in Parsec Scale Radio Jets, eds J. Zensus, & T. Pearson (San Francisco: ASP), 333 Google Scholar
Fanti, R., Ficarra, A., Mantovani, F., Padrielle, R., & Weiler, K. 1979, A&AS, 36, 359 Google Scholar
Gabuzda, D. C. 2002, PASA, 19, in pressGoogle Scholar
Gabuzda, D. C., Kochenkov, P. Yu., Cawthorne, T. V., & Kollgaard, R. I. 2000, MNRAS, 313, 627 Google Scholar
Guijosa, A., & Daly, R. A. 1996, ApJ, 461, 600 Google Scholar
Heeschen, D. S. 1984, AJ, 89, 111 Google Scholar
Heeschen, D. S., & Rickett, B. J. 1987, AJ, 89, 1111 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heeschen, D. S., Krichbaum, T., Schalinski, C. J., & Witzel, A. 1987, AJ, 94, 1493 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirabayashi, H., et al. 2000, PASJ, 52, 955 Google Scholar
Hornby, J. M., & Williams, P. J. S. 1966, MNRAS, 131, 237 Google Scholar
Hughes, P. A., Aller, H. D., & Aller, M. F. 1989, ApJ, 341, 54 Google Scholar
Hunstead, R. W. 1972, MNRAS, 157, 367 Google Scholar
Hoyle, F., Burbidge, G., & Sargent, W. 1966, Nature, 209, 751 Google Scholar
Jauncey, D., et al. 2000, in Astrophysical Phenomena Revealed by Space VLBI, eds H. Hirabayashi, et al. (Sagamihara, Japan: Inst. of Space and Astronaut. Science), 147 Google Scholar
Jukes, J. D. 1967, Nature, 216, 461 Google Scholar
Kardashev, N. S. 2000, AZh, 77, 813 (ARep, 44, 1063)Google Scholar
Kedziora-Chudczer, L. 2002, private communicationGoogle Scholar
Kedziora-Chudczer, L., et al. 1997, ApJ, 490, L9 Google Scholar
Kedziora-Chudczer, L., et al. 2001, MNRAS, 325, 1411 Google Scholar
Kellermann, K., & Pauliny-Toth, I. 1969, ApJ, 155, L71 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellermann, K. I., Long, R. J., Allen, L. R., & Moran, M. 1962, Nature, 195, 692 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellermann, K. I., Vermeulen, R., Zensus, A., & Cohen, M. 1998, AJ, 115, 1295 Google Scholar
Kellermann, K. I., Vermeulen, R., Zensus, A., Cohen, M. H., & West, A. 1999, NewAR, 43, 757 Google Scholar
Kellermann, K. I., Vermeulen, R., Zensus, A., & Cohen, M. H. 2000, in Astrophysical Phenomena Revealed by Space VLBI, eds H. Hirabayashi, et al. (Sagamihara, Japan: Inst. of Space and Astronaut. Science), 159 Google Scholar
Lesch, H., & Pohl, M. 1992, A&A, 254, 29 Google Scholar
Levinson, A., & Blandford, R. 1995, MNRAS, 274, 717 Google Scholar
Linfield, R., et al. 1989, ApJ, 336, 1105 Google Scholar
Lister, M., & Marsher, A. 1997, ApJ, 476, 572 Google Scholar
Lobanov, A., & Zensus, A. 1999, ApJ, 521, 509 Google Scholar
Marsher, A., & Gear, W. 1985, ApJ, 298, 114 Google Scholar
Mattox, J. R., Hartman, R. C., & Reimer, O. 2001, ApJS, 135, 155 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCray, R. 1966, Science, 154, 1323 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melrose, D. B. 1999, Ap&SS, 264, 391 Google Scholar
Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K., & Kellermann, K. I. 1966, ApJ, 155, L71 Google Scholar
Pacini, F., & Rees, M. 1970, Nature, 226, 622 Google Scholar
Pacini, F., & Salvati, M. 1974, ApJ, 188, L55 Google Scholar
Readhead, A. 1994, ApJ, 426, 51 Google Scholar
Rees, M. 1966, Nature, 211, 468 Google Scholar
Rees, M. 1967, MNRAS, 135, 345 Google Scholar
Shklovsky, I. S. 1964, AZh, 40, 972 (SvA, 7, 748)Google Scholar
Shklovsky, I. S. 1965, AZh, 42, 30 (SvA, 7, 748)Google Scholar
Sholomitsky, G. 1965, AZh, 42, 673 (SvA, 9, 516)Google Scholar
Sholomitsky, G. 1966, Astron. Tzirk., No. 359Google Scholar
Sincell, M. W., & Krolik, J. H. 1994, ApJ, 430, 550 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slysh, V. 1992, ApJ, 391, 453 Google Scholar
Sunyaev, R. A. 1971, AZh, 48, 224 (SvA, 15, 190)Google Scholar
Tingay, S. J., et al. 2001, ApJ, 549, L58 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twiss, R. Q. 1958, AuJPh, 11, 565 Google Scholar
van der Laan, H. 1966, Nature, 211, 1131 Google Scholar
Vermeulen, R. 1995, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 92, 11 385 Google Scholar
Vermeulen, R., & Cohen, M. 1994, ApJ, 430, 467 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, S., & Witzel, A. 1995, ARA&A, 33, 163 Google Scholar
Whitney, A., et al. 1971, Science, 173, 225 Google Scholar
Wilson, D. B. 1982, MNRAS, 200, 881 Google Scholar
Wild, P., et al. 1963, ARA&A, 1, 291 Google Scholar
Williams, P. J. S. 1966, Nature, 210, 285 Google Scholar
Woltjer, L. 1966, ApJ, 146, 597 Google Scholar
Zheleznyakov, V. 1966, Soviet Physics JETP, 51, 570 Google Scholar
Zheleznyakov, V. 1967, SvA, 11, 33 Google Scholar
Zheleznyakov, V., et al. 2000, in Radio Astronomy at Long Wavelengths, eds R. Stone, et al. (Washington: American Geophysical Union), 57 Google Scholar