Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nmvwc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T20:58:35.319Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Towards a cognitive model of hallucinations in the course of alcohol dependence? A source monitoring-based pilot study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2014

Ł. Gawęda ,
J. Mikuła ,
W. Szelenbaum  and
A. Kokoszka
Ł. Gawęda*
Affiliation:
II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
J. Mikuła
Affiliation:
Day Clinic for Alcohol-Dependent Patients, Mazowiecki Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
W. Szelenbaum
Affiliation:
University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
A. Kokoszka
Affiliation:
II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
*
*Address for correspondence: Ł. Gawęda, Ph.D., II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland. (Email: lgaweda@wum.edu.pl)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

We investigated whether source-monitoring deficits (here a discrimination between imagined and performed actions) underlie hallucinations among patients with a history of hallucinations in the course of their alcohol dependence.

Method

We assessed 29 patients with alcohol dependence who had no history of hallucinations during their course of alcoholism and 29 patients with a history of at least one episode of hallucinations of any modality during their course of alcohol dependency. The control group consisted of 24 healthy participants. Participants were assessed with an action memory task. Simple actions were presented to the participants verbally or non-verbally. Some actions were performed physically and others were imagined. In the recognition phase, participants were asked whether the action was presented verbally or non-verbally (action presentation type discrimination) and whether the action was performed or imagined (self-monitoring). A confidence score related to self-monitoring responses was also obtained.

Results

Alcoholics with a history of hallucinations misremembered imagined actions as perceived ones more frequently than patients without hallucinations, but not the reverse. Only patients with a history of hallucinations committed more errors of this type than healthy subjects. There were no group differences regarding discrimination between an action presentation type. Both clinical groups committed errors with a higher degree of confidence than healthy subjects.

Conclusions

Our results tentatively suggest that a specific type of source-monitoring deficit (i.e. confusing imagery with reality) may be involved in the hallucinations in patients with alcohol dependence. The findings are discussed in the light of a transdiagnostic approach to hallucinations.

Keywords

Alcohol dependencealcoholicscognitive confidencehallucinationsself-monitoringsource-monitoring
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 13 , October 2014 , pp. 2763 - 2773
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, P, Freeman, D, Johns, L, McGuire, P (2006). Misattribution of self-generated speech in relation to hallucinatory proneness and delusional ideation in healthy volunteers. Schizophrenia Research 84, 281–288.Google Scholar
Allen, P, Laroi, F, McGuire, PK, Aleman, A (2008). The hallucinating brain: a review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies of hallucinations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 32, 175–191.Google Scholar
Anderson, P, Baumberg, B (2006). Alcohol in Europe. Institute of Alcohol Studies: London.Google Scholar
Anselmetti, S, Cavallaro, R, Bechi, M, Angelone, SM, Ermoli, E, Cocchi, F, Smeraldi, E (2007). Psychopathological and neuropsychological correlates of source monitoring impairment in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 150, 51–59.Google Scholar
Arguedas, D, Stevenson, RJ, Langdon, R (2012). Source monitoring and olfactory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 121, 936–943.Google Scholar
Asaad, G, Shapiro, B (1986). Hallucinations: theoretical and clinical overview. American Journal of Psychiatry 143, 1088–1097.Google Scholar
Baker, CA, Morrison, AP (1998). Cognitive processes in auditory hallucinations: attributional biases and metacognition. Psychological Medicine 28, 1199–1208.Google Scholar
Barnes, J, Boubert, L, Harris, J, Lee, A, David, AS (2003). Reality monitoring and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 41, 565–574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bentall, RP (1990). The illusion of reality: a review and integration of psychological research on hallucinations. Psychological Bulletin 107, 82–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brebion, G, Amador, X, David, A, Malaspina, D, Sharif, Z, Gorman, JM (2000). Positive symptomatology and source-monitoring failure in schizophrenia – an analysis of symptom-specific effects. Psychiatry Research 95, 119–131.Google Scholar
Brebion, G, David, AS, Jones, HM, Ohlsen, R, Pilowsky, LS (2007). Temporal context discrimination in patients with schizophrenia: associations with auditory hallucinations and negative symptoms. Neuropsychologia 45, 817–823.Google Scholar
Brebion, G, Ohlsen, RI, Bressan, RA, David, AS (2012). Source memory errors in schizophrenia, hallucinations and negative symptoms: a synthesis of research findings. Psychological Medicine 42, 2543–2554.Google Scholar
Brunelin, J, Combris, M, Poulet, E, Kallel, L, D'Amato, T, Dalery, J, Saoud, M (2006). Source monitoring deficits in hallucinating compared to non-hallucinating patients with schizophrenia. European Psychiatry 21, 259–261.Google Scholar
Brunelin, J, d'Amato, T, Brun, P, Bediou, B, Kallel, L, Senn, M, Poulet, E, Saoud, M (2007). Impaired verbal source monitoring in schizophrenia: an intermediate trait vulnerability marker? Schizophrenia Research 89, 287–292.Google Scholar
Costafreda, SG, Brebion, G, Allen, P, McGuire, PK, Fu, CH (2008). Affective modulation of external misattribution bias in source monitoring in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine 38, 821–824.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ditman, T, Kuperberg, GR (2005). A source-monitoring account of auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 13, 280–299.Google Scholar
Ford, JM, Mathalon, DH (2005). Corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia: can it explain auditory hallucinations? International Journal of Psychophysiology 58, 179–189.Google Scholar
Franck, N, Rouby, P, Daprati, E, Dalery, J, Marie-Cardine, M, Georgieff, N (2000). Confusion between silent and overt reading in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 41, 357–364.Google Scholar
Frith, C (1992). The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia. Lawrence Erlbaum: Hove.Google Scholar
Gaweda, L, Moritz, S, Kokoszka, A (2012). Impaired discrimination between imagined and performed actions in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 195, 1–8.Google Scholar
Gaweda, L, Woodward, TS, Moritz, S, Kokoszka, A (2013). Impaired action self-monitoring in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research 144, 72–79.Google Scholar
Haddock, G, McCarron, J, Tarrier, N, Faragher, EB (1999). Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS). Psychological Medicine 29, 879–889.Google Scholar
Hasin, DS, Stinson, FS, Ogburn, E, Grant, BF (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry 64, 830–842.Google Scholar
Hugdahl, K (2009). ‘Hearing voices’: auditory hallucinations as failure of top-down control of bottom-up perceptual processes. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 50, 553–560.Google Scholar
Hugdahl, K, Nygard, M, Falkenberg, LE, Kompus, K, Westerhausen, R, Kroken, R, Johnsen, E, Loberg, EM (2013). Failure of attention focus and cognitive control in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: evidence from dichotic listening. Schizophrenia Research 147, 301–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, LC, Gregg, L, Allen, P, McGuire, PK (2006). Impaired verbal self-monitoring in psychosis: effects of state, trait and diagnosis. Psychological Medicine 36, 465–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, MK, Hashtroudi, S, Lindsay, DS (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin 114, 3–28.Google Scholar
Kokoszka, A, Laskowska, M, Mikula, J (2011). Psychotic experiences in the course of alcohol withdrawal symptoms: locus of control among patients with and without delirium and analysis of subjective experiences in delirium [in Polish]. Psychiatria Polska 45, 9–19.Google Scholar
Kompus, K, Westerhausen, R, Hugdahl, K (2011). The ‘paradoxical’ engagement of the primary auditory cortex in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia 49, 3361–3369.Google Scholar
Kopera, M, Wojnar, M, Brower, K, Glass, J, Nowosad, I, Gmaj, B, Szelenberger, W (2012). Cognitive functions in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol 46, 665–671.Google Scholar
Laroi, F, Collignog, O, van der Linden, M (2005). Source monitoring for actions in hallucination proneness. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 10, 105–123.Google Scholar
Laroi, F, Woodward, TS (2007). Hallucinations from a cognitive perspective. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 15, 109–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mammarella, N, Altamura, M, Padalino, FA, Petito, A, Fairfield, B, Bellomo, A (2010). False memories in schizophrenia? An imagination inflation study. Psychiatry Research 179, 267–273.Google Scholar
Moritz, S, Ruhe, C, Jelinek, L, Naber, D (2009). No deficits in nonverbal memory, metamemory and internal as well as external source memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Behaviour Research and Therapy 47, 308–315.Google Scholar
Moritz, S, Woodward, TS, Whitman, JC, Cuttler, C (2005). Confidence in errors as a possible basis for delusions in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 193, 9–16.Google Scholar
Moseley, P, Fernyhough, C, Ellison, A (2013). Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 37, 2794–2805.Google Scholar
Moskalewicz, WJ, Kiejna, A, Wojtyniak, B (2012). Recapitulation, prevalence, barriers, recomendations. In Mental State of Poland Inhabitants [in Polish] (ed. Moskalewicz, W. J., Kiejna, A. and Wojtyniak, B.), pp. 267–277. Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology: Warsaw, Poland.Google Scholar
Mugikura, S, Abe, N, Suzuki, M, Ueno, A, Higano, S, Takahashi, S, Fujii, T (2010). Hippocampal activation associated with successful external source monitoring. Neuropsychologia 48, 1543–1550.Google Scholar
Munro, CA, Saxton, J, Butters, MA (2000). The neuropsychological consequences of abstinence among older alcoholics: a cross-sectional study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 24, 1510–1516.Google Scholar
Perala, J, Kuoppasalmi, K, Pirkola, S, Harkanen, T, Saarni, S, Tuulio-Henriksson, A, Viertio, S, Latvala, A, Koskinen, S, Lonnqvist, J, Suvisaari, J (2010). Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder and delirium in the general population. British Journal of Psychiatry 197, 200–206.Google Scholar
Peters, MJ, Smeets, T, Giesbrecht, T, Jelicic, M, Merckelbach, H (2007). Confusing action and imagination: action source monitoring in individuals with schizotypal traits. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195, 752–757.Google Scholar
Ragland, JD, Valdez, JN, Loughead, J, Gur, RC, Gur, RE (2006). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internal source monitoring in schizophrenia: recognition with and without recollection. Schizophrenia Research 87, 160–171.Google Scholar
Rapin, LA, Dohen, M, Loevenbruck, H, Whitman, JC, Metzak, PD, Woodward, TS (2012). Hyperintensity of functional networks involving voice-selective cortical regions during silent thought in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 202, 110–117.Google Scholar
Saha, S, Scott, JG, Varghese, D, Degenhardt, L, Slade, T, McGrath, JJ (2011). The association between delusional-like experiences, and tobacco, alcohol or cannabis use: a nationwide population-based survey. BMC Psychiatry 11, 202.Google Scholar
Schuckit, MA (1982). The history of psychotic symptoms in alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 43, 53–57.Google Scholar
Shakeel, MK, Docherty, NM (2012). Neurocognitive predictors of source monitoring in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 200, 173–176.Google Scholar
Tsuang, JW, Irwin, MR, Smith, TL, Schuckit, MA (1994). Characteristics of men with alcoholic hallucinosis. Addiction 89, 73–78.Google Scholar
Wang, L, Metzak, PD, Woodward, TS (2011). Aberrant connectivity during self-other source monitoring in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 125, 136–142.Google Scholar
Waters, F, Allen, P, Aleman, A, Fernyhough, C, Woodward, TS, Badcock, JC, Barkus, E, Johns, L, Varese, F, Menon, M, Vercammen, A, Larøi, F (2012 a). Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia populations: a review and integrated model of cognitive mechanisms. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 683–693.Google Scholar
Waters, F, Woodward, T, Allen, P, Aleman, A, Sommer, I (2012 b). Self-recognition deficits in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations: a meta-analysis of the literature. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 741–750.Google Scholar
Waters, FA, Badcock, JC, Michie, PT, Maybery, MT (2006). Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: intrusive thoughts and forgotten memories. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 11, 65–83.Google Scholar
Weingartner, HJ, Andreason, PJ, Hommer, DW, Sirocco, KY, Rio, DE, Ruttimann, UE, Rawlings, RR, Eckardt, MJ (1996). Monitoring the source of memory in detoxified alcoholics. Biological Psychiatry 40, 43–53.Google Scholar
Woodward, TS, Menon, M (2011). Considerations for analysis of source monitoring data when investigating hallucinations in schizophrenia research. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 261, 157–164.Google Scholar
Woodward, TS, Menon, M, Whitman, JC (2007). Source monitoring biases and auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 12, 477–494.Google Scholar