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Toward a generalized developmental model of psychopathological liabilities and psychiatric disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2022

Carlos Blanco Open the ORCID record for Carlos Blanco [Opens in a new window] ,
Melanie M. Wall ,
Nicolas Hoertel ,
Robert F. Krueger  and
Mark Olfson
Carlos Blanco*
Affiliation:
Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
Melanie M. Wall
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY, 10032, USA
Nicolas Hoertel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France INSERM UMR 894, Psychiatry and Neurosciences Center, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Pôles de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
Robert F. Krueger
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
Mark Olfson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY, 10032, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Carlos Blanco, E-mail: carlos.blanco2@nih.gov
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Abstract

Background

Most psychiatric disorders are associated with several risk factors, but a few underlying psychopathological dimensions account for the common co-occurrence of disorders. If these underlying psychopathological dimensions mediate associations of the risk factors with psychiatric disorders, it would support a trans-diagnostic orientation to etiological research and treatment development.

Method

An analysis was performed of the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III), a US nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilian adults, focusing on respondents who were aged ⩾21 (n = 34 712). Structural equation modeling was used to identify the psychopathological dimensions underlying psychiatric disorders; to examine associations between risk factors, psychopathological dimensions and individual disorders; and to test whether associations of risk factors occurring earlier in life were mediated by risk factors occurring later in life.

Results

A bifactor model of 13 axis I disorders provided a good fit (CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.982, and RMSEA = 0.011) including an overall psychopathology factor as measured by all 13 disorders and 2 specific factors, one for externalizing disorders and one for fear-related disorders. A substantial proportion of the total effects of the risk factors occurring early in life were indirectly mediated through factors occurring later in life. All risk factors showed a significant total effect on the general psychopathology, externalizing and fear-related factors. Only 23 of 325 direct associations of risk factors with psychiatric disorders achieved statistical significance.

Conclusion

Most risk factors for psychiatric disorders are mediated through broad psychopathological dimensions. The central role of these dimensions supports trans-diagnostic etiological and intervention research.

Keywords

Developmental modeltransdiagnosticshared etiologystructure of psychiatric disorders
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 8 , June 2023 , pp. 3406 - 3415
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

Drs. Blanco and Wall are co-first authors of the manuscript.

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