Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T22:29:09.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Religious stigmatization: an historical and psychophysiological enquiry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

F. A. Whitlock  and
J. V. Hynes
F. A. Whitlock*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
J. V. Hynes
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
*
1Address for correspondence: Professor F. A. Whitlock, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

The historical accounts of religious stigmatization occurring during the past 750 years have been surveyed, with more detailed attention being given to late nineteenth- and twentieth-century medical investigations of some well-known cases. A case showing some features of religious stigmatization is described. The possible relationship of the phenomena of religious stigmatization to disease and psychophysiological processes in the subject is examined.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , May 1978 , pp. 185 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abély, X. (1963). Stigmatisation mystique. Annales Médico-Psychologique 121, 100–107.Google Scholar
Agle, D. P. (1964). Psychiatric studies of patients with haemophilia and related states. Archives of Internal Medicine 114, 76–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agle, D. P. (1975). Psychological factors in haemophilia. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 240, 221–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agle, D. P., Ratnoff, O. D. & Wasman, M. (1969). Conversion reactions in autoerythrocyte sensitization: their relationship to the production of ecchymoses. Archives of General Psychiatry 20, 438–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belau, P. G. (1961). Bloody tears: report of a case. Proceedings of Staff Meetings of the Mayo Clinic 36, 234–238.Google Scholar
Benon, R. (1936). De l'extase: la stigmatisée de Blain. Le Bulletin Medical 50, 741–760.Google Scholar
Biot, R. (1962). The Riddle of the Stigmata. Burns Oates: London.Google Scholar
Black, S. (1969). Mind and Body. William Kimber: London.Google Scholar
Borelli, S. & Fuerst, R. (1960). Die Stigmatisation – das extreme Beispiel einer psychogenen Dermatose. Praxis 49, 389–396.Google Scholar
Brewer, E. C. (1970). Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (12th (Centenary) edn) (revised by I. H. Evans). Cassell: London.Google Scholar
Browne, W. S., Mally, M. A. & Kane, R. P. (1960). Psychosocial aspects of haemophilia: a study of 28 children and their parents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 30, 730–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cash, J. D. & Allen, A. G. E. (1967). Effect of mental stress on the fibrinolytic reactivity to exercise. British Medical Journal ii, 545–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crehan, J. H. (ed.) (1955). Footnote in Thurston H. Surprising Mystics. Burns Oates: London.Google Scholar
Critchley, M. (1947). Stigmatization. Medical Annual 326. Wright: Bristol.Google Scholar
Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart (1957). J. C. B. Mohr: Tübingen. (Paul Siebeck).Google Scholar
Dumas, G. (1907). La stigmatisation chez les mystiques chrétiens. Nouvelle Revue des Deux Mondes 39, 196–228.Google Scholar
Encyclopaedia Britannica (1887) (9th edn). Adams and Charles Black: Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Ewald, G. (1927). Die Stigmatisierte von Konnersreuth. Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 74, 1981–1992.Google Scholar
Feldberg, W. (1976). Possible association of schizophrenia with a disturbance in prostaglandin metabolism: a physiological hypothesis. Psychological Medicine 6, 359–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Festa, G. (1949). Misteri di Scienza e Luci di Fedi: le Stigmate del Padre Pio da Pietrelcina (2nd edn). V. Ferri: Rome.Google Scholar
Gardner, F. H. & Diamond, L. K. (1955). Autoerythrocyte sensitization. Blood 10, 675–690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gigliozzi, G. (1965). Padre Pio. Phaedri Publishing: New York.Google Scholar
Graef, H. (1950). The Case of Thérèse Neumann. Mercier Press: Cork.Google Scholar
Hammond, W. A. (1876). Spiritualism and Allied Causes and Conditions of Nervous Derangement. H. K. Lewis: London.Google Scholar
Hartung, E. F. (1935). St Francis and mediaeval medicine. Annals of Medical History 7, 85–91.Google Scholar
Haxthausen, H. (1936). The pathogenesis of hysterical skin affections. British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis 48, 563–567.Google Scholar
Heilig, R. & Hoff, H. (1928). Über psychogene Entstehung des Herpes Labialis. Medizinische Klinik 24, 1472.Google Scholar
Hersle, K. & Mobacken, H. (1969). Autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome. British Journal of Dermatology 81, 574–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Höcht, J. M. (1974). Von Franziskus zu Pater Pio und Thérèse Neumann. Christiana-Verlag: Stein am Rhein.Google Scholar
Hyek, R. W. (1932). Konnersreuth: a Medical and Psychological Study of the Case of Thérèse Neumann (trans. Shepperd, I. C.). Burns Oates: London.Google Scholar
Imbert-Gourbeyre, (1894). La Stigmatisation. Paris. (Extensively and critically quoted by Thurston, H., 1952).Google Scholar
Jacobi, E. (1923). Die Stigmatisierten. J. F. Bergmann: Munich.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobi, E. (1929). Psychogene Spontanblutungen der Haut. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 88, 631–645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janet, P. (1901). Une extatique. Bulletin Institut Psychologique Internationale 1, 208–240.Google Scholar
Janet, P. (1926). De L'Angoisse à L'Extase. F. Alcan: Paris.Google Scholar
Jarcho, S. (1944). Giuseppi Zambeccari: a summary of the life of Maria Caterina Brondi with the marginalia of an unidentified contemporary. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 15, 400–402.Google Scholar
Jürgensen, E. (1939). Stigmata: Vergleichende Kunst-Betrachtung. Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 86, 658–660.Google Scholar
Klauder, J. V. (1938). Stigmatisation. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilis 37, 650–659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, R. F., Gonen, J. Y. & Smith, C. M. (1975). Psychogenic purpura in a man. Psychosomatic Medicine 37, 41–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreibich, K. (1905). Zum Problem der Angioneurosenbehandlung. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 31, 1558–1560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krumbhaar, E. (1927). The stigmata of St Francis of Assisi. Annals of the History of Medicine 9, 111–119.Google ScholarPubMed
Laignel-Lavastine, M. & Abadie, A. (1933). Notes sur trois stigmatisés. Société Française d'Histoire de la Medicine et de ses Filiales 27, 106–120.Google Scholar
Latner, A. L. (1947). Anxiety as a cause of fibrinolysis. Lancet i, 194–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leuba, J. H. (1925). The Psychology of Religious Mysticism. Routledge and Kegan Paul: London.Google Scholar
Lhermitte, J. (1942). Stigmatisation et stigmatisime. Le Progrès Medicale 70, 491–497.Google Scholar
Lifschutz, J. E. (1957). Hysterical stigmatization. American Journal of Psychiatry 114, 527–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macfarlane, R. G. & Biggs, R. (1946). Observations on fibrinolysis. Lancet ii, 862–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matko, I. (1933). Die Stigmatisierten Jugoslawiens. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 83, 613–616.Google Scholar
Moll, A. (1909). Hypnotism (trans. Hopkirk, A. F.). Walter Scott Publishing Company: London.Google Scholar
Moody, R. L. (1946). Bodily changes during abreaction. Lancet ii, 934–935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody, R. L. (1948). Bodily changes during abreaction. Lancet i, 964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needles, W. (1943). Stigmata occurring in the course of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 12, 23–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogston, D. (1964). Fibrinolytic activity and anxiety and its relation to coronary heart disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 8, 219–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogston, D., Macdonald, G. A. & Fullerton, W. (1962). Influences of anxiety in tests of blood coagulability and fibrinolytic activity. Lancet ii, 521–523.Google Scholar
Pattie, F. (1941) The production of blisters by hypnotic suggestion: a review. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 36, 62–72.Google Scholar
Paul, G. L. (1963). The production of blisters by hypnotic suggestion: another look. Psychosomatic Medicine 25, 233–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pizzuto, J., Fernandez, J. & Gonzalez-Elaven, J. (1972). El fenomeno de ‘sangrado’ en una enterma con purpura psicogena, estigmatizacion o chromidrosis. Gaceta Medica de Mexico 103, 523–536.Google Scholar
Pollak, F. (1938). Zur Klinik der Stigmatisationen. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 162, 606–626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prosperio, L. (1940). St Gemma Galgani. Bruce Publishing Co.: Milwaukee.Google Scholar
Rantasalo, I. & Penttinen, K. (1959). Stigmatisation: a case with herpes simplex and other lesions. Annales Paediatriae Fenniae 5, 145–148.Google Scholar
Ratnoff, O. D. (1969). Stigmata: where mind and body meet. Medical Times 97, 150–163.Google ScholarPubMed
Ratnoff, O. D. & Agle, D. P. (1968). A re-evaluation of the syndrome of autoerythrocyte sensitization. Medicine 47, 475–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, C. S. H. & Fitkin, B. G. (1957). Autoerythrocyte sensitization with a circulating fibrinolytic factor. Australasian Annals of Medicine 6, 58–63.Google Scholar
Sargant, W. (1973). The Mind Possessed. Heinemann: London.Google Scholar
Schindler, R. (1927). Nervensystem und spontane Blutung. Karger: Berlin.Google Scholar
Schneck, J. M. (1947). The psychological component in a case of herpes simplex. Psychosomatic Medicine 9, 62–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shelley, W. B. & Hurley, J. J. (1954). Localised chromidrosis. Archives of Dermatology 69, 449–471.Google Scholar
Siwek, P. (1954). The Riddle of Konnersreuth. Browne and Nolan: Dublin.Google Scholar
Søndergaard, J., Greaves, M. & Jørgensen, H. P. (1974). Recovery of prostaglandins in human primary dermatitis. Archives of Dermatology 110, 556–558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, M., Schiavi, R. C. & Luparello, T. J. (1969). The hypothalamus and immune process. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 164, 464–471.Google Scholar
Stein, M., Schiavi, R. C. & Camerino, M. (1976). Influence of brain and behaviour on the immune system. Science 191, 435–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thurston, H. (1952). The Physical Phenomena of Mysticism. Burns Oates: London.Google Scholar
Thurston, H. (1955). Surprising Mystics (ed. Crehan, J. H.). Burns Oates: London.Google Scholar
Ullman, M. (1947). Herpes simplex and second degree burns induced under hypnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 103, 828–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Underhill, E. (1960). Mysticism. Methuen: London.Google Scholar
Walshe, F. M. R. (1934). Religious stigmata. Catholic Medical Guardian 16, 104–117.Google Scholar
Weir Mitchell, S. (1869). On certain forms of neuralgia accompanied by muscular spasm and extravasations of blood and purpura as a neurosis. American Journal of Medical Science 58, 116–122.Google Scholar
Weizenhoffer, A. M. (1953). Hypnotism. John Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Whitlock, F. A. (1976). Psychophysiological Aspects of Skin Disease. W. B. Saunders: London.Google Scholar