Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-wpx69 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-11T22:52:55.427Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Expressed emotion as a predictor of schizophrenic relapse: an analysis of aggregated data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Gordon Parker*
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
*
1Address for correspondence: Professor G. Parker, Psychiatry Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia.

Synopsis

We examine published data from 12 studies assessing the capacity of Expressed Emotion (EE) status to predict schizophrenic relapse. Analysis of aggregated data, for 908 subjects, established a 3–7 times greater likelihood of relapse in those categorized as high EE, and a somewhat waning predictive strength EE over the publication interval, 1962–88.

Type
Brief Communication
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aptech, , (1986). GAUSS System: Version 1.49. Aptech Systems: Seattle.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Monck, E. M., Carstairs, G. M. & Wing, J. K. (1962). Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic illness. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 16, 5568.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T. & Wing, J. K. (1972). Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication. British Journal of Psychiatry 121, 241258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breslow, N. E. & Day, N. E. (1980). Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, vol. 1. The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon.Google Scholar
Dulz, B. & Hand, I. (1986). Short-term relapse in young schizophrenics: can it be predicted and affected by family (CFI), patient, and treatment variables? An experimental study. In Treatment of Schizophrenia: Family Assessment and Intervention (ed. Goldstein, M. J., Hand, I. and Hahlweg, K.), pp. 5975. Springer: Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falloon, I. R. M. (1988). Expressed emotion: current status. Psychological Medicine 18, 269274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogarty, G. E., McEvoy, J. P., Munetz, M., DiBarry, A. L., Bartone, P., Cather, R., Cooley, S. J., Ulrich, R. F., Carter, M. & Madonia, M. J. (1988). Dose of fluphenazine, familial expressed emotion, and outcome in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 797805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karno, M., Jenkins, J. H., de la Selva, A., Santana, F., Telles, C., Lopez, S. & Mintz, J. (1987). Expressed emotion and schizophrenic outcome among Mexican-American families. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 175, 143151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Köttgen, C., Sonichsen, I., Mollenhauer, K. & Jurth, R. (1984). Families' high expressed-emotions and relapses in young schizophrenic patients: results of the Hamburg Camberwell-Family Interview. Study II. International Journal of Family Psychiatry 5, 8494.Google Scholar
Kuipers, L. & Bebbington, P. (1988). Expressed emotion research in schizophrenia: theoretical and clinical implications. Psychological Medicine 18, 893909.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J. & Vaughn, C. (1981). The role of maintenance therapy and relatives' expressed emotion in relapse of schizophrenia: a two-year follow up. British Journal of Psychiatry 139, 102104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J., Wig, N. N., Ghosh, A., Bedi, M., Menon, D. K., Kuipers, L., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Day, R., Sartorius, N. & Jablensky, A. (1987). Expressed emotion and schizophrenia in North India III. Influence of relatives' expressed emotion on the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh. British Journal of Psychiatry 151, 166173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J., Berkowitz, R., Shavit, N., Strachan, A., Glass, I. & Vaughn, C. (1989). A trial of family therapy v. a relatives group for schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 154, 5866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCreadie, R. G. & Phillips, K. (1988). The Nithsdale schizophrenia survey, VII. Does relatives' high expressed emotion predict relapse. British Journal of Psychiatry 152, 477481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullagh, P. & Nelder, J. A. (1983). Generalized Linear Models. Chapman and Hall: LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacMillan, J. F., Gold, A., Crow, T. J., Johnson, A. L. & Johnstone, E. C. (1986). The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia. IV. Expressed emotion and relapse. British Journal of Psychiatry 148, 133143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacMillan, J. F., Crow, T. J., Johnson, A. L. & Johnstone, E. C. (1987). Expressed emotion and relapse in first episodes of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 151, 320323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moline, R. A., Singh, S., Morris, A. & Meltzer, H. Y. (1985). Family expressed emotion and relapse in schizophrenia in 24 urban American patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 142, 10781081.Google ScholarPubMed
Neuchterlein, K. H., Snyder, K. S., Dawson, M. E., Rappe, S., Gutlin, M. & Fogelson, D. (1986). Expressed emotion, fixed-dose fluphenazine decanoate maintenance, and relapse in recent onset schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 22, 633639.Google Scholar
Parker, G., Johnston, P. & Hayward, L. (1988). Parental ‘expressed emotion’ as a predictor of schizophrenic relapse. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 806813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tarrier, N., Barrowclough, C., Porceddu, K. & Watts, S. (1988). The assessment of psychophysiological reactivity to the Expressed Emotion of the relatives of schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 152, 618624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughn, C. & Leff, J. P. (1976). The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness: a comparison of schizophrenic and depressed neurotic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 125137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughn, C. E., Snyder, K. S., Jones, S., Freeman, W. B. & Falloon, I. R. H. (1984). Family factors in schizophrenic relapse: replication in California of British research on expressed emotion. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 11691177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed