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DSM-IV defined conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: an investigation of shared liability in female twins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2013

V. S. Knopik ,
L. C. Bidwell ,
C. Flessner ,
N. Nugent ,
L. Swenson ,
K. K. Bucholz ,
P. A. F. Madden  and
A. C. Heath
V. S. Knopik*
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
L. C. Bidwell
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
C. Flessner
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
N. Nugent
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
L. Swenson
Affiliation:
Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA
K. K. Bucholz
Affiliation:
Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
P. A. F. Madden
Affiliation:
Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
A. C. Heath
Affiliation:
Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: V. S. Knopik, Ph.D., Division of Behavioral Genetics, Coro West Suite 204, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 029 03USA. (Email: Valerie_Knopik@brown.edu)
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Abstract

Background

DSM-IV specifies a hierarchal diagnostic structure such that an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosis is applied only if criteria are not met for conduct disorder (CD). Genetic studies of ODD and CD support a combination of shared genetic and environmental influences but largely ignore the imposed diagnostic structure.

Method

We examined whether ODD and CD share an underlying etiology while accounting for DSM-IV diagnostic specifications. Data from 1446 female twin pairs, aged 11–19 years, were fitted to two-stage models adhering to the DSM-IV diagnostic hierarchy.

Results

The models suggested that DSM-IV ODD–CD covariation is attributed largely to shared genetic influences.

Conclusions

This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine genetic and environmental overlap among these disorders while maintaining a DSM-IV hierarchical structure. The findings reflect primarily shared genetic influences and specific (i.e. uncorrelated) shared/familial environmental effects on these DSM-IV-defined behaviors. These results have implications for how best to define CD and ODD for future genetically informed analyses.

Keywords

Adolescenceconduct disordergeneticsoppositional defiant disordertwins
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 5 , April 2014 , pp. 1053 - 1064
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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