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Cortical folding in Broca's area relates to obstetric complications in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2011

U. K. Haukvik ,
M. Schaer ,
R. Nesvåg ,
T. McNeil ,
C. B. Hartberg ,
E. G. Jönsson ,
S. Eliez  and
I. Agartz
U. K. Haukvik*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, section Vinderen, University of Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
M. Schaer
Affiliation:
Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Nesvåg
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, section Vinderen, University of Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
T. McNeil
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Lund University Hospital USiL, Lund, Sweden School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
C. B. Hartberg
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, section Vinderen, University of Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
E. G. Jönsson
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
S. Eliez
Affiliation:
Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
I. Agartz
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, section Vinderen, University of Oslo, Norway Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
*
*Address for correspondence: U. K. Haukvik MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 85 Vinderen, N-0319 Oslo, Norway. (Email: unn.haukvik@medisin.uio.no)
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Abstract

Background

The increased occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) in patients with schizophrenia suggests that alterations in neurodevelopment may be of importance to the aetiology of the illness. Abnormal cortical folding may reflect subtle deviation from normal neurodevelopment during the foetal or neonatal period. In the present study, we hypothesized that OCs would be related to cortical folding abnormalities in schizophrenia patients corresponding to areas where patients with schizophrenia display altered cortical folding when compared with healthy controls.

Method

In total, 54 schizophrenia patients and 54 healthy control subjects underwent clinical examination and magnetic resonance image scanning on a 1.5 T scanner. Information on OCs was collected from original birth records. An automated algorithm was used to calculate a three-dimensional local gyrification index (lGI) at numerous points across the cortical mantle.

Results

In both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, an increasing number of OCs was significantly related to lower lGI in the left pars triangularis (p<0.0005) in Broca's area. For five other anatomical cortical parcellations in the left hemisphere, a similar trend was demonstrated. No significant relationships between OCs and lGI were found in the right hemisphere and there were no significant case–control differences in lGI.

Conclusions

The reduced cortical folding in the left pars triangularis, associated with OCs in both patients and control subjects suggests that the cortical effect of OCs is caused by factors shared by schizophrenia patients and healthy controls rather than factors related to schizophrenia alone.

Keywords

Broca's areagyrificationMRIneurodevelopmentobstetric complicationsschizophrenia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 42 , Issue 6 , June 2012 , pp. 1329 - 1337
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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Haukvik Supplementary Figure 1

Supplementary Fig. 1 (Fig. S1) Differences in local gyrification between patients and control subjects at p< 0.01 co-varied for age and gender, without FDR correction. Within the coloured areas, patients demonstrate lower cortical folding than healthy control subjects. None of the findings are significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.

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Haukvik Supplementary Figure 2

Supplementary Fig. 2 (Fig. S2) The effect of increasing number of obstetric complications on local gyrification in schizophrenia patients, healthy controls, and the combined sample, co-varied for age and gender at two different p-levels without FDR correction. None of the findings are significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.

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