Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T10:16:51.242Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Brain computerized tomography in subtypes of severe chronic schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Stephen M. Stahl ,
Terry Jernigan ,
Adolf Pfefferbaum  and
Leslie Zatz
Stephen M. Stahl*
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Biological Research Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
Terry Jernigan
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Biological Research Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
Adolf Pfefferbaum
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Biological Research Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
Leslie Zatz
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Biological Research Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr Stephen M. Stahl, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Computerized tomographic (CT) brain scans were obtained in severely ill, chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized in a long-term in-patient facility of a Veterans Administration hospital, and compared to CT brain scans from an age, sex and education-matched normal control population. In contrast to results obtained in our previous studies with younger, less severely ill, chronic schizophrenic patients, the current study population exhibited significantly increased rankings of third ventricular size and of fronto-tempero-sylvian atrophy, compared to normal control subjects.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , February 1988 , pp. 73 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreasen, N. C. & Olsen, S. (1982). Negative versus positive schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 789–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, N. C., Olsen, S. A., Dennert, J. W. & Smith, M. R. (1982 a). Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia; relationship to positive and negative symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 297–301.Google ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, N. C., Smith, M. R., Jacoby, C. G., Dennert, J. W. & Olsen, S. A. (1982 b). Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: definition and prevalence. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 292–296.Google ScholarPubMed
Benes, F., Sunderland, P., Jones, B., LeMay, M., Cohen, B. & Lipinski, J. (1982). Normal ventricles in young schizophrenics. British Journal of Psychiatry 141, 90–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boronow, J., Pickar, D., Ninan, P. T., Roy, A., Hommer, D., Linnoila, M. & Paul, S. M. (1985). Atrophy limited to the third ventricle in chronic schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 42, 266–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cambell, R., Hays, P., Russell, D. B. & Zacks, D. J. (1979). CT scan variants and genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 136, 722–723.Google Scholar
Famuyiwa, O., Eccleston, D., Donaldson, A. & Garside, R. (1979). Tardive dyskinesia and dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry 135, 500–504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frangos, E. & Athenassenas, G. (1982). Differences in lateral brain ventricular size among various types of chronic schizophrenics: evidence based on a CT study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica 66, 459–463CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gattaz, W. F., Kasper, S., Kohlmeyer, K. & Beckman, H. (1981). Die kraniale Computertomographie in der Schizophrenieforschung. Forlschrille der Neurologie-Psychiatrie 49, 286–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gluck, E., Radu, E. W., Mundt, C. & Gerhardt, P. (1980). A computed tomographic prospective cohort study of chronic schizophrenics. Neuroradiology 20, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golden, C. J, Moses, J. A., Zelazowski, R., Graber, B., Zatz, L., Horvath, T. & Berger, P. (1980). Cerebral ventricular size and neurophysiological impairment in young chronic schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 619–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jernigan, T. L. (1986). Anatomical and CT studies of psychiatric disorders. In American Handbook of Psychiatry Volume VIII (ed. Brodie, H. K. and Berger, P. A.), pp. 213–235. Basic Books: New York.Google Scholar
Jernigan, T. L., Zatz, L. M., Moses, J. A. & Berger, P. A. (1982). Computed tomography in schizophrenics and normal volunteers: I fluid volume. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 765–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnstone, E. C., Crow, T. J., Frith, C. D. & Kreel, H. J. (1978). The dementia of dementia praecox Acta Psychiatria Scandanavica 57, 305–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luchins, D. J & Meltzer, H. Y. (1986). A comparison of CT findings in acute and chronic ward schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research 17, 7–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luchins, D., Torrey, E. F., Weinberger, D. R., Zaleman, S., DeLisi, L., Johnson, A., Rogentine, N. & Wyatt, R. J. (1980). HLA antigens in schizophrenia: differences between patients with and without brain atrophy. British Journal of Psychiatry 136, 243–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nasrallah, H. A., Jacoby, C G., McCalley-Whitters, M. & Kuperman, S. (1982 a). Cerebral ventricular enlargement in subtypes of chronic schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 774–777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nasrallah, H. A, McCalley-Whitters, M. & Jacoby, C. G. (1982 b). Cortical atrophy in schizophrenia and mania. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 43, 439–441.Google ScholarPubMed
Nasrallah, H. A., Rizzo, M., Damasio, H., McCalley-Whitters, M., Kuperman, S. & Jacoby, C. G. (1982 c). Neurological differences between paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia. II. Computerized tomographic findings. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 43, 307–309.Google Scholar
Nyback, H., Wiesel, F-A., Berggren, B-M. & Hindmarsh, T. (1982). Computed tomography of the brain in patients with acute psychosis and in healthy volunteers. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica 65, 403–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okasha, A. & Madkour, O. (1982). Cortical and central atrophy in chronic schizophrenia. Acta Psychialrica Scandanavica 65, 29–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overall, J & Gorman, D. R. (1962). The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports 10, 799–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owens, D G, Johnstone, E. C., Crow, T. J., Frith, C. D., Jagoe, J. R. & Kreel, L. (1985). Lateral ventricular size in schizophrenia: relationship to the disease process and its clinical manifestations. Psychological Medicine 15, 27–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearlson, G. D. & Veroff, A. E. (1981). Computerized tomographic scan changes in manic-depressive illness. Lancet ii, 470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potkin, S., Weinberger, D. R., Linnoila, M. & Wyatt, F. J. (1983). Low CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in schizophrenic patients with enlarged cerebral ventricles. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 21–25.Google ScholarPubMed
Reveley, A, Reveley, M., Clifford, C. & Murray, R. (1982). Cerebral ventricular size in twins discordant for schizophrenia. Lancet i, 540–541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieder, R., Donnelly, E., Herdt, J. & Waldman, I. (1979). Sulcal prominence in young chronic schizophrenic patients CT scan findings associated with impairment on neurophysiological tests. Psychiatry Research 1, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, S., Koller, M., Kishore, P., Hamer, R & Friedel, R. (1982). Abnormal scans in young schizophrenics. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 18, 163–164.Google ScholarPubMed
Schulz, S. C., Koller, M. M., Kishore, P. R., Hamer, R. M., Gehl, J. J. & Friedel, R. O. (1983). Ventricular enlargement in teenage patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 1592–1595.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1977): Research Diagnostic Criteria For a Selected Group of Functional Disorders. New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research: New York.Google Scholar
Tanaka, Y., Hazama, H, Kawahare, R. & Kobayashi, K. (1981). Computerized tomography of the brain in schizophrenic patients: a controlled study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica 63, 191–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trimble, M. & Kingsley, D. (1978). Cerebral ventricular size in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet i, 278–279CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Kammen, D. P, Mann, L. S, Sternberg, D E., Scheinin, M., Ninan, P. T., Marder, S. R., Van Kammen, W. B., Rieder, R. O. & Linnoila, M. (1983). Dopamine-B-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy. Science 220, 974–977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberger, D. R., Torrey, E. F., Neophytides, A. N. & Wyatt, R. J. (1979 a). Lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 36, 735–739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberger, D. R., Torrey, E. F., Neophytides, A. N. & Wyatt, R J. (1979 b). Structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 36, 935–939.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, D. R, Torrey, E. F. & Wyatt, R. J. (1979 c). Cerebellar atrophy in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet i, 718–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberger, D. R., Bigelow, L. B., Kleinman, J. E., Klein, S. T., Rosenblatt, J E. & Wyatt, R. J. (1980 a). Cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia: an association with poor response to treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 11–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, D. R., Cannon-Spoor, E., Potkin, S. G. & Wyatt, R. J. (1980 b). Poor premorbid adjustment and CT scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 137, 1410–1413.Google ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, D. R., DeLisi, L. E., Neophytides, A N & Wyatt, R. J. (1981). Familial aspects of CT scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Research 4, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, D. R., DeLisi, L. E., Perman, G. P., Targum, S. & Wyatt, R J. (1982). Computed tomography in schizophreniform disorder and other acute psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 778–783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, B. T. & Wolf, J. (1983). A reconsideration of the relation of ventricular enlargement to duration of illness in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 1564–1570.Google ScholarPubMed