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Altered brain gyrification in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2018

Yoichiro Takayanagi ,
Daiki Sasabayashi ,
Tsutomu Takahashi ,
Yuko Komori ,
Atsushi Furuichi ,
Mikio Kido ,
Yumiko Nishikawa ,
Mihoko Nakamura ,
Kyo Noguchi  and
Michio Suzuki
Yoichiro Takayanagi*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Daiki Sasabayashi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Tsutomu Takahashi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Yuko Komori
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Atsushi Furuichi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Mikio Kido
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Yumiko Nishikawa
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Mihoko Nakamura
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Kyo Noguchi
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
Michio Suzuki
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Yoichiro Takayanagi, E-mail: ytakayan@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
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Abstract

Background

Patients with the deficit form of schizophrenia (D-SZ) are characterized by severe primary negative symptoms and differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects. No study has measured brain gyrification, which is a potential marker of neurodevelopment, in D-SZ and ND-SZ.

Methods

We obtained magnetic resonance scans from 135 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls. The proxy scale for deficit syndrome (PDS) was used for the classification of D-SZ and ND-SZ. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was measured using FreeSurfer. Thirty-seven D-SZ and 36 ND-SZ patients were included in the LGI analyses. We compared LGI across the groups.

Results

SZ patients exhibited hyper-gyral patterns in the bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, bilateral anterior cingulate gyri and right lateral parietal/occipital cortices as compared with HCs. Although patients with D-SZ or ND-SZ had higher LGI in similar regions compared with HC, the hyper-gyral patterns were broader in ND-SZ. ND-SZ patients exhibited a significantly higher LGI in the left inferior parietal lobule relative to D-SZ patients. Duration of illness inversely associated with LGI in broad regions only among ND-SZ patients.

Conclusions

The common hyper-gyral patterns among D-SZ and ND-SZ suggest that D-SZ and ND-SZ may share neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The different degrees of cortical gyrification seen in the left parietal regions, and the distinct correlation between illness chronicity and LGI observed in the prefrontal and insular cortices may be related to the differences in the clinical manifestations among D-SZ and ND-SZ.

Keywords

Deficit schizophrenialocal gyrification indexmagnetic resonance imagingnegative symptomsneurodevelopmental disorder
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , March 2019 , pp. 573 - 580
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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