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Brain connectivity in body dysmorphic disorder compared with controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2013

B. G. Buchanan ,
S. L. Rossell ,
J. J. Maller ,
W. L. Toh ,
S. Brennan  and
D. J. Castle
B. G. Buchanan*
Affiliation:
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
S. L. Rossell
Affiliation:
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
J. J. Maller
Affiliation:
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
W. L. Toh
Affiliation:
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
S. Brennan
Affiliation:
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
D. J. Castle
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, MelbourneAustralia
*
*Address for correspondence: Mr B. G. Buchanan, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, General Office, Room 405, Building 17, Clayton Campus, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. (Email: Buchanan.ben@gmail.com)
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Abstract

Background

Several neuroimaging studies have investigated brain grey matter in people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), showing possible abnormalities in the limbic system, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei and temporal lobes. This study takes these findings forward by investigating white matter properties in BDD compared with controls using diffusion tensor imaging. It was hypothesized that the BDD sample would have widespread significantly reduced white matter connectivity as characterized by fractional anisotropy (FA).

Method

A total of 20 participants with BDD and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender and handedness underwent diffusion tensor imaging. FA, a measure of water diffusion within a voxel, was compared between groups on a voxel-by-voxel basis across the brain using tract-based spatial statistics within the FSL package.

Results

Results showed that, compared with healthy controls, BDD patients demonstrated significantly lower FA (p < 0.05) in most major white matter tracts throughout the brain, including in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum. Lower FA levels could be accounted for by increased radial diffusivity as characterized by eigenvalues 2 and 3. No area of higher FA was found in BDD.

Conclusions

This study provided the first evidence of compromised white matter integrity within BDD patients. This suggests that there are inefficient connections between different brain areas, which may explain the cognitive and emotion regulation deficits within BDD patients.

Keywords

Body dysmorphic disorderdiffusion tensor imagingneuroimagingobsessive–compulsive spectrumwhite matter
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 43 , Issue 12 , December 2013 , pp. 2513 - 2521
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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