The author is grateful for permission to quote from unpublished sources: Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University (Joseph Dorfman Papers and Wesley Clair Mitchell Papers); Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul (Andrew A. Veblen Collection and Carlton Qualey Papers); University Archives, Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago (Veblen Papers and University Presidents' Papers, 1889–1925); Stanford University Archives (David Starr Jordan Papers, Microfilm Edition, originals in the Stanford University Archives, Stanford University Libraries); Library of Congress, Manuscripts Division (Jacques Loeb Papers and B. F. Huebsch Papers); and Western Missouri Manuscript Collection (Jacob Warshaw Papers, 1910–44).

1. Veblen, Thorstein, The Higher Learning in America: A Memorandum on the Conduct of Universities by Businessmen (1918; rept. New York: Sagamore, 1957), 56, 57 (hereafter cited parenthetically as HLA)Google Scholar; and Ross, Andrew, “The Labor Behind the Culture of Work,” in Will Teach for Food: Academic Labor in Crisis, ed. Nelson, Cary (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 137Google Scholar. Barrow, Clyde W.'s Universities and the Capitalist State: Corporate Liberalism and the Reconstruction of American Higher Education, 1894–1928 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990)Google Scholar provides an insightful modern analysis that situates itself in the tradition of Higher Learning.

Of course, Veblen was not alone in his day in identifying this problem. His Chicago colleague, Dewey, John, noted in “Academic Freedom,” Educational Review 23, no. 1 (01 1902): 10–13Google Scholar, that “the financial factor in the conduct of the modern university is continually growing in importance,” making “the modern university… itself a great economic plant.” See also Bledstein, Burton J., The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Class and the Development of Higher Education in America (New York: Norton, 1976)Google Scholar, and — for an important corrective to the familiar tale of businessmen as antagonists of the professoriat — Metzger, Walter P., Academic Freedom in the Age of the University (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955).Google Scholar

2. In The Intellectual Legacy of Thorstein Veblen: Unresolved Issues (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1996), 24Google Scholar, Rick Tilman notes the “autobiographical nature” of Higher Learning.

3. Howard, June, “What Is Sentimentality?” American Literary History 11, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 73CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Concise descriptions of the multiple meanings of public and private can be found in Robbins, Bruce, “Introduction: The Public as Phantom,” in The Phantom Public Sphere, ed. Robbins, Bruce (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), xiiiGoogle Scholar; and in Nancy Fraser, “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy,” in ibid., 19.

4. Veblen, Thorstein, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (1899; rept. New York: Modern Library, n.d.), 112Google Scholar.

5. Veblen, Thorstein, Absentee Ownership and Business Enterprise in Recent Times: The Case of America (1923; rept. Boston: Beacon, 1967), 262Google Scholar; and Levine, George, “By Knowledge Possessed: Darwin, Nature, and Victorian Narrative,” New Literary History 24 (1993): 363CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6. Dorfman, Joseph, Thorstein Veblen and His America (New York: Viking, 1934), 504Google Scholar; and Passos, John Dos, “The Bitter Drink,” in The Big Money (1936; rept. New York: Signet, 1969), 121–22Google Scholar.

7. Sarah [McLean Hardy] Gregory to Joseph Dorfman (hereafter JD), no date, JD Papers, Butler Library, Columbia University; Ellen [Rolfe] Veblen (hereafter ERV) to Mrs. [Alice M. Schoff] Millis, March 2, 1908, JD Papers; Esther Baran to Bill Melton, September 13, 1993, Thorstein B. Veblen Collection (hereafter TV Collection), Carleton College Archives; and Hans Otto Storm to JD, November 6, 1932, JD Papers. Veblen had no biological children; the granddaughter to whom I refer, Esther Baran, is the daughter of Veblen's stepdaughter, Becky Veblen Meyers.

8. Becky Veblen Meyers to David Riesman, February 20, 1954, TV Collection; JD to Andrew A. Veblen (hereafter AAV), no date, AAV Collection, Minnesota Historical Society; AAV to JD, March 13, 1930, AAV Collection; JD to AAV, March 13, 1931, AAV Collection; and Dorfman, , Thorstein Veblen, 13Google Scholar.

9. AAV to JD, AAV Collection (much of this correspondence also appears in the JD Papers); Galbraith, John Kenneth, “A New Theory of Thorstein Veblen,” American Heritage 24, no. 3 (04 1973): 33–40Google Scholar; Edgell, Stephen, “Rescuing Veblen from Valhalla: Deconstruction and Reconstruction of a Sociological Legend,” British Journal of Sociology 47, no. 4 (12 1996): 627–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Tilman, Rick, Thorstein Veblen and His Critics, 1891–1963: Conservative, Liberal, and Radical Perspectives (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), ch. 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Tilman, , Intellectual Legacy, ch. 1Google Scholar; Bartley, Russell H. and Yoneda, Sylvia E. [later Bartley], “Thorstein Veblen on Washington Island: Traces of a Life,” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 7, no. 4 (Summer 1994): 589–614CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Russell H., and Bartley, Sylvia E., “In Search of Thorstein Veblen: Further Inquiries into His Life and Work,” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 11, no. 1 (Fall 1997): 129–74Google Scholar; Bartley, Russell H. and Bartley, Sylvia Erickson, “In the Company of T. B. Veblen: A Narrative of Biographical Recovery,” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 13, no. 2 (Winter 1999), 273–321CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Jorgensen, Elizabeth and Jorgensen, Henry, Thorstein Veblen: Victorian Firebrand (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1999Google Scholar).

10. For instance, Tilman, Intellectual Legacy, 12; Bartley and Bartley, “In Search,” 160–63; Diggins, John P., “Introduction to the Paperback Edition” of Thorstein Veblen: Theorist of the Leisure Class (reprint of The Bard of Savagery: Thorstein Veblen and Modern Social Theory, 1978) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), xxiii–xxivGoogle Scholar; and especially throughout Jorgenson and Jorgenson, Thorstein Veblen.

11. Evelyn Wells to Carlton Qualey, November 26, 1966, Carlton Qualey Papers, Minnesota Historical Society; and Rose, Phyllis, Parallel Lives (New York: Vintage, 1983), 6Google Scholar.

12. Evelyn Wells to Carlton Qualey, November 26, 1966; Frances M. Hunt to JD, March 18, 1930, JD Papers; unsigned document titled “Ellen R. Veblen (nee Nellie Rolfe '81),” apparently an obituary, TV Collection; and Rudolf von Tobel to the editor of Carleton Circle, received October 2, 1926, TV Collection. A copy of the second document can also be found in JD Papers.

13. Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz, Campus Life: Undergraduate Cultures from the End of the Eighteenth Century to the Present (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1987), 197Google Scholar. In the last two decades of the 19th century, nearly half of women college graduates did not marry (ibid., 197).

14. Nellie [Ellen] M. Rolfe, “A Prophecy, Class Day, June 15, 1881, Carleton College,” TS in JD Papers, Box 64; and Carletonian, 10 1881, 13Google Scholar.

15. Mary Deirup[?] to JD, no date, JD Papers; ERV to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, April 1897, Veblen Papers (hereafter VP), Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago; Oswald Veblen to JD, September 4, 1934, JD Papers; Lucia Tower to JD, March 24, 1933, JD Papers; and TV quoted by ERV in letter to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, April 1897, VP. Other details regarding the engagement are in ERV to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, April 1897, VP.

16. Drawn from seven letters that Veblen wrote, April through October 1890, from Stacyville to the distinguished Scandinavian scholar Rasmus Bjorn Anderson. Rasmus Bjorn Anderson Papers, Wisconsin Historical Society.

17. Thirteen years after their divorce, when the saga was finally published, Thorstein sent a copy to Ellen. Her response to the book gives a sense of how thoroughly invested in it she must have been, and also how discriminating were her literary reactions, See ERV to TV, May 21, 1925, TV Collection.

18. Dorfman, , Thorstein Veblen, 78–85, quotation at 85Google Scholar.

19. ERV to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, April 1897, VP.

20. See Conable, Charlotte Williams, Women at Cornell: The Myth of Equal Education (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), esp. ch. 4Google Scholar; quotation from Adams, in ibid., 105.

21. Bender, Thomas, Intellect and Public Life: Essays on the Social History of Academic Intellectuals in the United States (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), 43Google Scholar. According to Bender, “[S]ocial prestige and intellectual security were dual — and welcome — benefits conferred by the establishment of professional disciplines” (ibid., 44). See also Ross, Dorothy, The Origins of American Social Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991)Google Scholar; and Haskell, Thomas, The Emergence of Professional Social Science: The American Social Science Association and the Nineteenth-Century Crisis of Authority (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977)Google Scholar.

22. Solomon, Barbara Miller, In the Company of Educated Women (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), 58, 57Google Scholar; and Fitzpatrick, Ellen, Endless Crusade: Women Social Scientists and Progressive Reform (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 8, 71Google Scholar.

23. Harper, William Rainey, The Trend in Higher Education (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1905), 144Google Scholar; Rosenberg, Rosalind, Beyond Separate Spheres: Intellectual Roots of Modern Feminism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), 30Google Scholar; Solomon, , In the Company, 58Google Scholar; Bordin, Ruth, Alice Freeman Palmer: The Evolution of a New Woman (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993), 247CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Fitzpatrick, , Endless Crusade, 84Google Scholar; and Rosenberg, , Beyond, 42–43Google Scholar.

24. Fitzpatrick, , Endless Crusade, 49, 44Google Scholar; Rosenberg, , Beyond, 49Google Scholar; and Veblen, , Leisure Class, 376–77Google Scholar.

25. ERV to Alice M. S. Millis, November 19, 1920, JD Papers.

26. ERV to Lucia K. Tower, July 2, 1909, JD Papers.

27. Harper, , “The Business Side of a University,” in Trend, 185Google Scholar; Storr, Richard J., Harper's University: The Beginnings: A History of the University of Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966), 74, 82Google Scholar; and Dorfman, , Thorstein Veblen, 87Google Scholar.

28. Veblen, , Leisure Class, 112Google Scholar.

29. Herrick, Robert, Chimes (New York: Macmillan, 1926), 53Google Scholar.

30. Evelyn Wells to Carlton Qualey, November 26, 1966; TV to Sarah Hardy, December 15, 1895, VP; (Unsigned) Acting Commissioner of Department of the Interior, General Land Office to Register and Receiver, July 9, 1909, Records of Bureau of Land Management, Record of General Land Office, Miscellaneous Letter Received, 1906, National Archives; and ERV to Lucia K. Tower, July 2, 1909, JD Papers.

31. Lucia Tower to JD, March 24, 1933, JD Papers.

32. A. W. Meyer to M. W. Kapp, May 19, 1927, TV Collection; see also M. W. Kapp to JD, February 7, 1932, JD Papers.

33. M. W. Kapp to A. W Meyer, June 29, 1926, TV Collection.

34. ERV, TS labeled “Copy,” TV Collection, Carleton College. On Ellen's directing that her autopsy be sent to her former husband, see Esther Baran to Bill Melton, October 27, 1993, TV Collection; “Becky [Bevans Veblen Meyers]'s Biography” as transcribed by her daughter Esther Baran, TV Collection. The handwritten copybook titled “Becky [Bevans Veblen Meyers]'s Memoir” also discusses Veblen's reaction upon receiving a copy of the autopsy (in TV Collection).

35. Oswald Veblen to JD, September 4,1934, JD Papers.

36. Rose, , Parallel Lives, 11Google Scholar.

37. Davis, Katharine Bement, “Three Score Years and Ten,” University of Chicago Magazine 2 (12 1933): 60Google Scholar; and Sarah [McLean] Hardy Gregory to JD, February 28 to March 11, 1934, JD Papers. In Endless Crusade (44), Kirkpatrick mentions Veblen as one of five “energetic scholars at Chicago who most influenced” the four women students, including Davis, that she studies.

38. The greatest cache of these letters exists in a slender file at the University of Chicago's Regenstein Library; they are printed in full by the Jorgensons in an appendix to Thorstein Veblen. Several of Veblen's letters to Sarah are also available in the JD Papers, but in abbreviated form: Sarah copied some of his letters and sent them to Dorfman, with “rather personal” material eliminated and marked “xxx.” See Sarah [McLean Hardy] Gregory to JD, February 28 to March 19, 1934, JD Papers.

39. TV to Miss [Sarah] Hardy, November 1895, VP. Edward Bemis — who was outraged when Veblen was denied permission to teach a course on socialism — defended public ownership of utilities and the rights of laborers to organize. In 1894, Harper began trying to force Bemis to resign, and succeeded in 1895 by trumping up a charge of incompetence. See Furner, Mary, Advocacy and Objectivity: A Crisis in the Professionalization of American Social Science, 1865–1905 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1975), 165–98Google Scholar, on the Bemis case.

40. TV to Miss [Sarah] Hardy, January 18, 1896, VP.

41. TV to Miss [Sarah] Hardy, December 13, 1895, VP; and TV to Miss [Sarah] Hardy, October 28, 1895, VP. Perhaps because of the “hoodoo” Veblen claimed surrounded it (TV to Wesley Clair Mitchell, August 3, 1910, W. C. Mitchell Collection, Butler Library, Columbia University), this book was not published until 1914.

42. TV to Miss [Sarah] Hardy, February 24, 1896, VP.

43. On their continuing friendship, see Sarah Hardy Gregory to W. C. Mitchell, April 26, 1928, JD Papers; TV to Sarah Hardy Gregory, September 20, 1920, VP; and TV to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, May 10, 1928, VP.

44. ERV to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, April 1897, VP.

45. TV quoted by ERV in her letter to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, April 1897, VP.

46. ERV to Mrs. [Sarah Hardy] Gregory, April 1897, VP (includes quotations of TV to ERV).

47. Warren, Samuel D. and Brandeis, Louis D., “The Right to Privacy,” Harvard Law Review 4, no. 5 (12 15, 1890): 195–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

48. Lance, Peter A., “The Citizen's Right to Privacy: Basis in Common Law,” in Privacy: A Vanishing Value? ed. Bier, William Christian (New York: Fordham University Press, 1980), 94Google Scholar.

49. ERV to David Starr Jordan (hereafter DSJ), June 13, 1909, DSJ Papers, Microfilm Edition (originals in the Stanford University Archives), Stanford University Libraries.

50. Warren and Brandeis, “Right to Privacy,” 218, 197, 205, 207. On the shift from character to personality, see Sussman, Warren, Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York: Pantheon, 1973), 271–85Google Scholar.

51. Warren and Brandeis, “Right to Privacy,” 197, 205; Tribe, Laurence H., American Constitutional Law (Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation, 1978), 966Google Scholar; and Fried, Charles, “Privacy [A Moral Analysis],” in Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology, ed. Schoeman, Ferdinand David (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 209, his emphasisGoogle Scholar.

52. Veblen, , Leisure Class, 109, 354Google Scholar.

53. See, for instance, Barreca, Regina and Morse, Deborah Denenholz, eds., The Erotics of Instruction (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1997)Google Scholar; and Gallop, Jane, Feminist Accused of Sexual Harassment (Durham: Duke University Press, 1997)Google Scholar.

54. TV to Jacques Loeb, February 10, 1905, Jacques Loeb Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.

55. Laura McAdoo Triggs, quoted in Williams, James, “Editor's Introduction: On Art and the Machine,” Jack London Journal 3 (1996): 9Google Scholar; Thomas Carlyle, quoted by Triggs, Oscar Lovell, in “Industrial Art,” Jack London Journal 3 (1996): 13Google Scholar; and Storr, , Harper's University, 224Google Scholar. On the ideal of workmanship, see Veblen, Thorstein, The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts (1914; rept. New York: Norton, 1941)Google Scholar — or for a concise introduction to the concept, Veblen, , “The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labor” in Essays in Our Changing Order, ed. Ardzrooni, Leon (1934; rept. New York: Sentry, 1964), 78–96Google Scholar.

56. Sinclair, Upton, The Brass Check: A Study of American Journalism (Pasadena, Calif.: published by the author, [1919]), 334Google Scholar; Triggs, Oscar Lovell, The Changing Order: A Study of Democracy (Chicago: Oscar Triggs, 1905), 187Google Scholar; Sinclair, , Brass Check, 335Google Scholar; and William Rainey Harper, quoted in Roche, John F., in “Scattered Leaves: Morris's Men in America and the Polemical Magazine,” Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies 4 (Fall 1995): 96Google Scholar; “yellow professor” quoted in ibid., 96.

57. TV to Loeb, February 10, 1905, Loeb Papers.

58. TV to Loeb, February 10, 1905, Loeb Papers.

59. ERV to Lucia K. Tower, July 3, 1906, JD Papers. On the Triggs episode, see also Dorfman, , Thorstein Veblen, 253–55Google Scholar, and Dorfman, Joseph, “New Light on Veblen,” in Thorstein Veblen, Essays, Reviews and Reports, ed. Dorfman, (Clifton, N.J.: Augustus M. Kelley, 1973), 97Google Scholar; Diggins, , Bard, 169Google Scholar; Tilman, , Intellectual Legacy, 22–23Google Scholar; and Bartley and Bartley, “In Search,” 137–42.

60. Harry Pratt Judson to Abraham Flexner, April 1, 1919, University Presidents' Papers 1889–1925, Regenstein Library, University of Chicago.

61. Harper, quoted in Storr, , Harper's University, 97Google Scholar; Harper, , Trend, 75Google Scholar; and Harper, quoted in Storr, , Harper's University, 166Google Scholar.

62. Bordin, , Alice Freeman Palmer, 243Google Scholar.

63. In Harper's University: The Beginnings, Richard J. Storr confirms Veblen's point, noting that, in the University of Chicago, “the life of a man and the affairs of a university did fuse” (vii; see also ibid., 101, 343, 363). Contemporary observers frequently billed Harper's personality as dictatorial. The Nation described Harper's administration as “the dictatorship of the president” (quoted in Dorfman, , Thorstein Veblen, 90Google Scholar), whereas J. Laurence Laughlin, the head of Veblen's department, told Harper that he acted “on the Napoleonic plan” (quoted in Storr, , Harper's University, 90Google Scholar).

64. Harper, quoted in Storr, , Harper's University, 24Google Scholar.

65. Herrick, , Chimes, 4Google Scholar; and Storr, , Harper's University, 44Google Scholar. An earlier draft of Higher Learning was even more personally inflected. An August 1918 letter from Veblen's publisher, Ben Huebsch, counseled the writer to tone down the “personal note” in the preface, which Veblen agreed to do (B. F. Huebsch to TV, August 16, 1918, B. F. Huebsch Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress; and TV to B. F. Huebsch, August 24, 1918, Huebsch Papers). Although this earlier version of the preface has not surfaced, one of Veblen's colleagues at the University of Missouri, Jacob Warshaw, recalls its tone: “[I]n the midst of characteristic Veblenian language appeared a short sentence referring to the University of Chicago and containing something like these words: ‘Where the present writer was assassinated.’” See J[acob] Warshaw, “Recollections of Thorstein Veblen,” 5–6, in Jacob Warshaw Papers, 1910–44, Western Missouri Manuscript Collection, Columbia, Missouri. Veblen was again “assassinated” in a savage review by Columbia English professor Brander Matthews on Higher Learning. According to Upton Sinclair, Matthews was acting on the behest of his boss, Columbia's President Butler, Nicholas Murray, who “keeping guard over his empire of education, … first saw this dangerous book of Veblen's, and turned it over to his henchman, Brander Matthews, to be ‘slated.’ Matthews wrote what was supposed to be a book review, but was really an assassination” (The Goose-Step: A Study of American Education [Pasadena, Calif.: published by the author, 1923], 163–64)Google Scholar.

66. Cf. Riesman, David, Thorstein Veblen: A Critical Interpretation (New York: Scribner, 1953), 107Google Scholar: “His savage book on The Higher Learning may be seen as a stand-in for savage conduct: like many men who are withdrawn in personal intercourse, his emotions could flow more readily in absentia.”

67. Harper, , Trend, 345, 72, 147Google Scholar.

68. Storr, , Harper's University, 181, 230Google Scholar; and Harper, , Trend, 12, 19Google Scholar. On academic “ritual and paraphernalia” as an expression of leisure class manners — and as “atavistic” reversion to barbarianism — see Veblen, , Leisure Class, 367–74Google Scholar.

69. TV to Loeb, February 10, 1905, Loeb Papers; and Burns, Edward McNall, David Starr Jordan: Prophet of Freedom (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1953), 12, 13, 33, 22–23Google Scholar.

70. Jacques Loeb to DSJ, February 16, 1905, DSJ Papers; and Alice M. Schoff Millis to JD, July 10, 1936, JD Papers.

71. Lucia Tower to JD, March 24, 1933, JD Papers; and “Ellen R. Veblen (nèe Nellie Rolfe, '81),” TV Collection.

72. See ERV's Cross-examination, Land Entry Files, Records of the Bureau of Land Management, document dated January 3, 1907, National Archives. In 1923, Ellen jokingly asked her ex-husband, with whom she had been corresponding regularly, if he knew any “fortunate New Yorkers” who might like to purchase her “strictly elegant timber claim” (ERV to TV, October 29, 1923, TV Collection).

73. Ellen cites this date in her Cross-examination.

74. Alice M. Schoff Millis to JD, July 10, 1936, JD Papers.

75. Ellen recalled that Veblen and Bevans's affair had become “very noticeable” several years before Ellen left Chicago (ERV recollection reported by Alice M. Millis to JD, July 10, 1936, JD Papers).

76. Becky Veblen Meyers, “Becky's Memoir,” TV Collection.

77. See especially Bartley, and Bartley, , “In Search,” and Jorgenson and Jorgenson, Thorstein VeblenGoogle Scholar.

78. Quotations from “Becky's Memoir,” TV Collection.

79. ERV to Lucia K. Tower, May 3, 1908, JD Papers; postmarked cards in TV Collection; and Alice M. Schoff Millis to JD, July 10, 1936, JD Papers.

80. ERV to Alice M. Schoff Millis, March 2, 1908, JD Papers; Ann Fessenden Bradley Bevans [Veblen] to Becky Bevans, January 19, 1908, TV Collection; Charlotte Perkins Gilman to JD, August 30, 1933, JD Papers; and ERV to Lucia Tower, May 3, 1908, JD Papers.

81. Duffus, Robert L., The Innocents at Cedro: A Memoir of Thorstein Veblen and Some Others (1944; rept. Clifton, N.J.: A. M. Kelley, 1972), 8Google Scholar; and Alice M. Schoff Millis to JD, July 10, 1936, JD Papers.

82. Duffus, , Innocents, 92, 130, 95, 97Google Scholar; ERV to Alice M. Schoff Millis, October 19, 1907, JD Papers; and Duffus, , Innocents, 98Google Scholar. Alice Millis confirms Babe's visit to Cedro Cottage: “Mrs. Bivens [sic] came to Berkeley for the winter and once, as the [Duffus] boys told us, came down to Cedro, but Mr. Veblen persuaded her to leave at once.” See Alice M. Schoff Millis to JD, July 10, 1936, JD Papers.

83. Mrs. Henry [Sidney] Cowell to the Librarian, Carleton College, November 24, 1985, TV Collection.

84. “Becky's Memoir,” 40–41, TV Collection.

85. DSJ to H. P. Judson, October 6, 1909, University Presidents' Papers 1889–1925, University of Chicago. Jordan uses a nonexistent French word; presumably what he intends to say is femme incomprise, meaning “misunderstood woman.”

86. In November 1909, Veblen dropped off a manuscript at Jordan's office. At the same time, he assured the president that “Mrs. Veblen's circumstances” were not dire and that Ellen had plenty of money to meet her needs (TV to DSJ, November 12, 1909, DSJ Papers). The following month, Veblen thanked Jordan for his attentive comments on the manuscript (TV to DSJ, December 8, 1909, DSJ Papers).

87. DSJ to H. P. Judson, October 6, 1909; and ERV to DSJ, June 13, 1909, DSJ Papers.

88. TV to Horace Davenport, October 21, 1909, JD Papers; Alice M. Schoff Millis to JD, July 10, 1936, JD Papers; and Mary B. Deirup[?], undated letter to JD, JD Papers. I base the point about Ellen rehashing the Triggs episode on a letter that Martin Shutze, a professor in the German Department at Chicago and friend of the Veblens, sent Jordan (Martin Shutze to DSJ, September 20, 1909, DSJ Papers).

89. Park, You-me and Walk, Gayle, “Native Daughters in the Promised Land: Gender, Race, and the Question of Separate Spheres,” American Literature 70, no. 3 (09 1998): 612CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Kerber, Linda, “Separate Spheres, Female Worlds, Woman's Place: The Rhetoric of Women's History” (1988), reprinted in Toward an Intellectual History of Women (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), 184Google Scholar.

90. See especially Leisure Class, 354–55; for discussion of this aspect of his thinking, see my “Veblen's Anti-Anti-Feminism,” Canadian Review of American Studies, Special Issue, Part 2 (1992): 215–38Google Scholar.

91. Keller, Evelyn Fox, Reflections on Gender and Science (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), 9Google Scholar.

92. TV to Jacques Loeb, October 29, 1909, Loeb Papers; and Lewis Terman to JD, October 7, 1931, JD Papers.

93. TV to Horace Davenport, October 21, 1909, JD Papers; and “The Right to Privacy,” Nation 1339 (12 25, 1890): 496Google Scholar.

94. Becky Veblen Meyers to John P. Diggins, February 26, 1982, TV Collection.

95. See W. C. Mitchell, “Excerpts from letters to S. H. Gregory: copied with her permission. Feb. 1949,” 75–76, JD Papers; and “Becky's Biography.”

9 6. Veblen's divorce lawyer recalls that “Mrs. Veblen appeared on the witness stand clad in a quaint white silk dress; she told me after the hearing that she wanted to be divorced in her wedding garment” (Owen Richardson to JD, August 14, 1934, JD Papers).

97. E. B. Hinman to JD, July 28, 1934, JD Papers; and Owen Richardson to JD, August 14, 1934, JD Papers.

98. Fisher, Philip, “Appearing and Disappearing in Public: Social Space in Late-Nineteenth-Century Literature and Culture,” in Reconstructing American Literary History, ed. Bercovitch, Sacvan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986), 163Google Scholar.

99. Dewey, John, The Public and Its Problems: An Essay in Political Inquiry (1927; rept. Chicago: Swallow, 1946), 12Google Scholar. See Arendt, Hannah, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958)Google Scholar, for an elegant discussion of consequences.

100. Warren and Brandeis, “Right to Privacy,” 214; and Tribe, , Constitutional Law, 898Google Scholar.

101. Warren and Brandeis, “Right to Privacy,” 193; Prosser, William, “Privacy [A Legal Analysis]” (1960), reprinted in Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology, ed. Schoeman, Ferdinand David (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 107, 110Google Scholar; Thomas, Brook, American Literary Realism and the Failed Promise of Contract (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1997), 62Google Scholar; and Spacks, Patricia Meyer, Gossip (New York: Knopf, 1985), quotation at 6Google Scholar.

102. Veblen, Thorstein's opinion of Goosenbury PilgrimsGoogle Scholar, quoted in Dorfman, , Thorstein Veblen, 253Google Scholar; and Veblen, Ellen R., The Goosenbury Pilgrims: A Child's Drama (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1902), 196, 181Google Scholar.

103. Eastman, Max, The Literary Mind: Its Place in an Age of Science (New York: C. Scribners Sons, 1931), 154Google Scholar.